The 1932 Failed Coup Attempt by the Lapua Movement in Finland

Name: The 1932 Failed Coup Attempt by the Lapua Movement in Finland
Start: 1932-02-29
Location: Unspecified

Overview of the 1932 Coup Attempt

In 1932, a significant political upheaval took place in Finland when the radical fascist Lapua Movement attempted a coup d'état to overthrow the government. The movement, which arose from the economic and political turmoil following World War I, aimed to establish a dictatorship under nationalist and anti-communist ideologies. This event marked a pivotal moment in Finland's political history, revealing the tensions between extreme nationalist groups and the established democratic institutions.

The Lapua Movement, founded in the early 1920s, gained momentum during the 1930s as it capitalized on widespread fear of communism and labor movements. This culminated in their audacious plan to seize power by overthrowing the government, a move that would have deep implications for Finnish democracy and its political landscape.

The Lapua Movement’s Ideology

The Lapua Movement was characterized by its strong nationalist sentiment, rooted in anti-communist rhetoric. It condemned socialism and sought to protect Finland from what it perceived as a growing threat from Bolshevism. Their ideology resonated with many Finns who were disillusioned by the political instability of the time, giving rise to a nationwide following that believed in drastic measures to maintain national unity and security.

Events Leading Up to the Coup Attempt

As labor tensions escalated in Finland, the Lapua Movement intensified its campaigns through rallies and propaganda. In December 1931, they organized the infamous Lapua Manifesto, which called for the removal of 'red' influences from parliament and proposed a series of unilateral reforms. By 1932, their frustration boiled over, leading to the decision to execute a coup against the government, seizing control of the capital.

The Coup Attempt and Its Repercussions

The failed coup attempt sparked public outcry and a swift backlash from the opposition and military forces loyal to the government. The Lapua Movement's actions were met with significant resistance, leading to clashes between their followers and the government forces. The movement underestimated the strength of the very democratic systems they sought to dismantle.

Government Response to the Coup

In response to the coup, the Finnish government enacted measures to restore order and ensure that such developments would not repeat. The military and police forces were mobilized effectively to quell the insurrection, showcasing the resilience of Finland's democratic institutions in the face of extremist threats.

Legacy of the 1932 Coup Attempt

The failed coup attempt led to a decline in the Lapua Movement's influence, demonstrating the limits of fascist movements in Finland at the time. It prompted an evaluation of political extremism and a re-emphasis on democratic values among the populace, which would shape the country's political landscape for decades to come.

Fun Fact

Interesting Insights about the Lapua Movement

Despite the Lapua Movement's initial influence, their failed coup galvanized public support for democratic governing, effectively dismantling their credibility and leading to their disbandment due to public disapproval by the mid-1930s.