The 1940 Occupation of Romania by German Troops

Prelude to Occupation

Romania's Strategic Position

Situated at the crossroads of Eastern and Western Europe, Romania held immense strategic importance during World War II. As the war escalated, Romania's alliances and resources drew the attention of both the Axis and Allied powers. Its oil fields, particularly in Ploiești, were vital for fueling military operations, making Romania a prime target for German occupation.

Political Background

Leading up to 1940, Romania experienced a turbulent political landscape marked by territorial losses and rising tensions with its neighbors. Under King Carol II, Romania attempted to navigate this precarious situation, but growing pressure from Hitler's Germany increasingly limited its autonomy, culminating in military intervention.

The Occupation Begins

German Military Strategy

On September 6, 1940, German troops began their occupation of Romania following a government coup that aligned the country more closely with the Axis powers. The swift operation involved deploying thousands of troops and mechanized units to seize key cities and infrastructure, securing Romania's oil fields to support the German war machine.

Romania Under Axis Control

The occupation resulted in significant alterations to Romanian governance, with pro-German regimes installed to oversee the transition. Although initially, some Romanian leaders cooperated willingly with Germany, public sentiment was mixed, as many viewed the occupation as a violation of national sovereignty.

Consequences of the Occupation

Impact on Romanian Society

Life in Romania transformed drastically under Nazi control. The German administration instituted policies that favored the Axis powers and discriminated against various groups, particularly Jews and Roma, leading to widespread persecution. Economic exploitation ensued, with resources being redirected to support German military efforts.

Resistance and Repercussions

Resistance movements began to emerge in response to the harsh conditions of occupation, though they faced intense crackdowns. The nation's involvement with the Axis powers ultimately deepened its struggles and contributed to the social and economic unrest that would continue throughout the war.

Fun Fact

The Oilfields of Ploiești

The oilfields in Romania, particularly in Ploiești, were among the largest supplying oil to Germany during the war. Their strategic significance led to several Allied bombing campaigns aimed at crippling Germany's oil supply.

Additional Resources

Recommended Reading on Romania's Occupation

For those interested in a deeper understanding of this era, consider reading "Romania's Last War, 1941-1945" by Stephen A. Dorril, or "The History of Romania" by A. V. E. L. Myers, which provide comprehensive insights into Romania’s complex involvement during World War II.