A Overview of the 1968 Coup d'état in Panama
President Arnulfo Arias and His Policies
The 1968 coup d'état in Panama was largely shaped by the controversial presidency of Arnulfo Arias. This was his third term in office, and during his short span, he initiated a series of reforms that aimed to improve social conditions. However, his presidency was marred by political turmoil and opposition, particularly from the military.
The Role of the National Guard
The National Guard, under the command of Colonel Omar Torrijos, played a pivotal role in the events leading up to the coup. Discontent with Arias's leadership and economic policies fueled the National Guard's ambition to take control, culminating in the coup on October 11, 1968.
Consequences of the Coup
A Shift in Power: The Rise of Omar Torrijos
Following the coup, Colonel Omar Torrijos emerged as the dominant figure in the new government. His leadership marked a shift towards a more authoritarian regime characterized by populist policies and significant social reforms that endeared him to many Panamanians. Torrijos's focus on nationalism and land reform transformed Panamanian society.
Impact on U.S.-Panama Relations
The 1968 coup significantly affected the already complex relationship between the United States and Panama. As Torrijos established a more independent stance, tensions grew. This period saw a gradual move towards negotiations over the control of the Panama Canal, which had been a contentious issue for decades.
Fun Fact
Arnulfo Arias: The Three-time President
One interesting aspect of Arnulfo Arias' life is that he was the only political leader in Panamanian history to serve as president three separate times, reflecting the tumultuous nature of Panamanian politics during the mid-20th century.
Additional Resources
Recommended Reading on Arnulfo Arias and Panama
For those interested in learning more about this fascinating period, consider reading A Country Is Born by Robert McC. Adams or The Panama Canal: A History by David McCullough.
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