The 1970 Declaration of a Republic by Rhodesia

Name: The 1970 Declaration of a Republic by Rhodesia
Start: 1919-03-02
Location: Unspecified

Rhodesia's Shift to a Republic

In 1970, the white-minority government of Rhodesia took a monumental step by declaring itself a republic. This declaration was a pivotal moment in the history of the country, then led by Prime Minister Ian Smith. The move, which was made unilaterally, was a direct response to relentless pressure from both internal and international forces advocating for independence and majority rule.

The Background of the Declaration

The origins of this transition can be traced back to the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in 1965, when the Rhodesian government sought to break away from British colonial rule while maintaining its white minority governance. The declaration of a republic in 1970 was seen as a way to further entrench this governance, solidifying the already strained relationship with Britain and the international community.

Ian Smith's Role in the Declaration

Ian Smith, the Prime Minister at the time, was a key figure behind the unilateral declaration of a republic. His firm stance against African majority rule made him a polarizing figure, viewed as a symbol of colonial oppression by many. Smith believed that the republic status would enhance Rhodesia’s international standing, despite its increasing isolation.

The International Reaction to the Republic's Declaration

Global response to Rhodesia's declaration was overwhelmingly negative. The United Nations swiftly condemned the move and imposed economic sanctions against the country, further isolating it socially and economically. The feedback highlighted the widespread support for decolonization and the push for African liberation across the continent.

The UN's Position on Rhodesia's Governance

The United Nations denounced the unilateral move and reaffirmed that only a negotiated settlement leading to common suffrage would be acceptable. This reaction was part of a broader movement during the decolonization era, which saw many countries striving for independence from colonial rule.

Responses from the African Nations

Many African nations vocally opposed Rhodesia's declaration, viewing it as an affront to the struggle for African nationalism and self-governance. The prevailing sentiment was rooted in a desire for political equality and an end to white minority rule.

Fun Fact

Rhodesia's Alternative Name

Did you know that Rhodesia was named after the British imperialist Cecil Rhodes, who played a significant role in the colonization of Southern Africa? This name would eventually become synonymous with the controversial policies of white minority governance.