The Death of Antipope John XXIII

John XXIII: A Controversial Antipope

The Legacy of Baldassare Cossa

Born approximately in 1370 in Bologna, Italy, Baldassare Cossa rose to prominence in the Catholic Church during a tumultuous period known as the Western Schism. This era saw the existence of multiple claimants to the papacy, and Cossa's ascent to antipope, adopting the name John XXIII, was marked by significant political and religious conflict.

The Context of Antipope John XXIII's Rule

John XXIII served as antipope from 1410 until 1415, during which he opposed the legitimate pope, Gregory XII. Supported by powerful factions, his papacy was characterized by attempts to consolidate ecclesiastical authority and to manage the schismatic tensions within the Church. However, his reign was not without controversy, leading to critiques of his morality and leadership.

The Death of Antipope John XXIII in 1419

The Circumstances Surrounding His Death

On December 22, 1419, John XXIII died at the age of 81 in the city of Cividale del Friuli, Italy. His death marked the end of a significant figure in the history of the Church, as debates surrounding his status as an antipope continued to influence Church politics for years to come. The legacy he left involved intricate matters of legitimacy and authority within the Church.

The Aftermath and Recognition of His Antipope Status

After his death, the Church would eventually acknowledge John XXIII’s antipope status, solidifying the view that his tenure was part of a larger narrative of division within Catholicism. His passing prompted reflections on the nature of papal authority and the pathways toward reunification of the Church, which culminated in the Council of Constance shortly thereafter.

Fun Fact

The Mystery of John XXIII's Birth Year

While John XXIII is known for being a pivotal figure in the schism, the exact year of his birth remains somewhat ambiguous. Historical estimates suggest he was born around 1370, but records from that period are often incomplete, contributing to the mystery of his early life.

Additional Resources

Recommended Reading on Antipope John XXIII

For those interested in delving deeper into this fascinating chapter of Church history, consider reading "The Western Schism: A New Look at an Old Schism" and "Popes and Antipope: A History of the Papacy" which provide further context and analysis on the events of this period.