The Incorporation of Rome into Italy: A Historic Decree

Name: The Incorporation of Rome into Italy: A Historic Decree
Start: 1820-10-09
Location: Unspecified

The Historic Moment of 1870

Rome's Transformation into Italy's Capital

In 1870, a pivotal event in European history took place as the city of Rome was officially incorporated into the newly unified Kingdom of Italy by royal decree. Prior to this momentous occasion, Rome had been under the control of the Papal States, governed by the Pope. This transition marked a significant turning point in the Italian unification process, known as Risorgimento.

The Role of the Italian Government

The incorporation of Rome was driven by the aspirations of the Italian government, led by King Vittorio Emanuele II. The government viewed the addition of Rome not only as a territorial expansion but also as a profound statement of national identity, establishing Rome as the capital of Italy. This consolidation aimed to symbolize the end of papal temporal power and to unify the Italian people under one flag.

The Unification Efforts Leading to 1870

Historical Context of Italian Unification

Before 1870, Italy was fragmented into multiple states and territories. The movement for unification gained momentum in the 19th century, with leaders like Giuseppe Garibaldi and Camillo di Cavour playing crucial roles. By the time of the incorporation of Rome, most regions and states had been united, but the Papal States remained an enduring symbol of division.

Significance of the Capture of Rome

The incorporation of Rome was celebrated as a monumental victory for the Italian nationalists and the government, solidifying Italy as a unified nation-state. This event resonated deeply with many Italians, as it represented not just a political shift but a cultural and national resurgence. The capture of Rome fostered a sense of pride and unity among the Italian populace.

Fun Fact

Rome's Status Post-Incorporation

Interestingly, after the incorporation, Pope Pius IX declared himself a "prisoner in the Vatican" and refused to recognize the authority of the Italian government, a situation that lasted until the Lateran Treaty in 1929 resolved the Papal-State relationship.