What happened today in history?

What happened
today in history?
[ Oct 29 ]

1990 - Celebrating Carlson Young's Birthday

Carlson Young, born on October 29, 1990, in Fort Worth, Texas, is an American actress and director. Best known for her role in 'Scream,' she has made significant strides in the entertainment industry, both in front of and behind the camera.

1990 - Celebrating Kriti Kharbanda's Birthday

Kriti Kharbanda, born on October 29, 1990, in New Delhi, is a celebrated Indian actress known for her role in the film 'Googly'. Her journey from modeling to acting showcases her talent and impact in Indian cinema.

1989 - Celebrating the Birthday of Primož Roglič

Primož Roglič, born on October 30, 1989, in Trbovlje, Yugoslavia, is a celebrated Slovenian road cyclist renowned for winning the Vuelta a España. His unique journey from ski jumping to cycling exemplifies resilience and has inspired many in the sport.

1988 - Katherine Timpf: A Star is Born

Katherine Timpf, born on October 29, 1988, in Detroit, Michigan, is a dynamic television personality and comedian best known for her show Sincerely, Kat. She blends political commentary with humor, captivating audiences with her unique insights.

1987 - The Birth of Makoto Ogawa: A Future Pop Star

Makoto Ogawa, born in 1987 in Kashiwazaki, Japan, is a celebrated Japanese pop singer known for his role in the popular group Morning Musume. His journey from a small town to J-Pop stardom showcases his talent and influence in the music industry.

1985 - Celebrating Gio Benitez: A Life in Journalism

Gio Benitez, born in 1985 in Miami, Florida, is a celebrated American TV journalist known for his work on Good Morning America. His upbringing in a diverse cultural setting fueled his passion for storytelling, leading to a successful media career.

1984 - Celebrating Chris Baio's Musical Journey

Chris Baio, born in 1984 in Bronxville, New York, is best known as the bassist for the indie rock band Vampire Weekend. His contributions to iconic tracks like 'A-Punk' and 'Oxford Comma' have made him a prominent figure in modern music.

1983 - Celebrating the Birth of Dana Eveland

Dana Eveland, an American MLB player, was born on February 14, 1983, in Olympia, Washington. His journey from a young athlete to a pro baseball player is an inspiring tale of dedication and passion for the sport.

1983 - Celebrating Johnny Lewis: The Birth of a Talent

Johnny Lewis, born on October 29, 1983, in Los Angeles, California, was an American actor best known for his role in 'Sons of Anarchy.' His promising career was tragically cut short when he passed away in 2012, but he left a lasting impression on the industry.

1983 - Celebrating the Birth of Maurice Clarett

Maurice Clarett, born on October 29, 1983, in Youngstown, Ohio, is a former American football player who gained fame playing for Ohio State University and later became a public speaker inspiring many with his life story.

1983 - Celebrating Richard Brancatisano's Birthday

Richard Brancatisano, born on October 6, 1983, in New South Wales, Australia, is a celebrated actor best known for his role in Power Rangers. His career showcases his versatility and dedication to the performing arts, making him a significant figure in the entertainment industry.

1981 - Celebrating the Legacy of Amanda Beard

Amanda Beard, an Olympic gold medalist born in 1981 in Newport Beach, California, rose to fame with her incredible swimming skills. She won gold in the 100m medley in 1996 and the 200m breaststroke in 2004, greatly impacting the world of competitive swimming.

1980 - Celebrating the Birth of B.J. Sams: NFL Player Extraordinaire

B.J. Sams, born on January 14, 1980, in New Orleans, Louisiana, is a celebrated NFL player known for his exceptional skills as a wide receiver. His journey from a talented youth in Louisiana to an esteemed professional athlete is a testament to his dedication and love for football.

1980 - The Birth of Boxing Legend Miguel Cotto

Miguel Cotto was born on October 29, 1980, in Providence, Rhode Island, becoming the first Puerto Rican boxer to achieve world titles in four weight divisions, cementing his legacy in boxing history.

1978 - The Birth of Travis Henry: A Football Legend

Travis Henry, born in Frostproof, Florida, on October 13, 1978, became a notable NFL running back. His college career at the University of Tennessee led to professional success with teams like the Buffalo Bills and Denver Broncos, establishing him as a prominent figure in football history.

1974 - Celebrating the Birth of R. A. Dickey

R. A. Dickey, born on October 29, 1974, in Nashville, Tennessee, is a celebrated American baseball pitcher known for his remarkable knuckleball and accomplishments in MLB, including an All-Star appearance and a Cy Young Award.

1972 - Celebrating the Birth of Gabrielle Union

Gabrielle Union, born on October 29, 1972, in Omaha, Nebraska, is an acclaimed American actress, author, and activist known for her roles in 'Bring It On' and 'Being Mary Jane'. Beyond acting, she is a strong voice for social justice and shares her journey through her writings.

1971 - Celebrating the Birth of Daniel J. Bernstein

Daniel J. Bernstein, born on April 29, 1971, in East Patchogue, New York, is an influential American professor and cryptologist known for his significant contributions to the field of cryptography, shaping the future of secure communications.

1971 - Celebrating Winona Ryder's Birthday

Winona Ryder, an acclaimed American actress known for her roles in 'Heathers' and 'Edward Scissorhands', was born on October 29, 1971, in Winona, Minnesota. Today, we celebrate her impactful career and enduring legacy.

Winona Ryder

1970 - The Birth of Chris Thorpe: American Doubles Luger

Chris Thorpe, born in 1970 in Waukegan, Illinois, emerged as a notable American doubles luger, representing his country at the 1994 Winter Olympics. His journey highlights the intersection of talent and dedication in winter sports.

1970 - The Birth of Soccer Legend Edwin van der Sar

Edwin van der Sar, born on October 29, 1970, in Voorhout, Netherlands, became a legendary soccer goalkeeper, earning over 130 caps for the Dutch national team and winning numerous titles with Ajax, Juventus, Fulham, and Manchester United.

1970 - Celebrating the Birth of Marquez Pope

Marquez Pope, born on March 7, 1970, in Nashville, Tennessee, is a notable NFL cornerback praised for his tenure with the San Francisco 49ers. His athletic abilities and contributions on the field have left a lasting legacy in American football.

1970 - Celebrating the Birth of Phillip Cocu

Phillip Cocu, born on October 29, 1970, in Voorhout, Netherlands, is a renowned Dutch soccer player known for his stellar career at Vitesse and PSV. His versatility and skills made him a key player in European football.

1969 - Celebrating the Birth of Peter Breen: A Dance Skating Icon

Peter Breen, born on January 5, 1969, in Brockton, Massachusetts, is recognized as a talented American dance skater whose innovative performances inspired many in the skating community. His legacy continues in the world of dance skating, influencing new generations of skaters.

1968 - Celebrating the Life of Johann Olav Koss

Johann Olav Koss, born in 1968 in Drammen, Norway, is a celebrated speed skater who won three gold medals at the 1994 Winter Olympics. His legacy extends beyond sports through his humanitarian efforts.

1968 - Celebrating the Birth of Stanley Donwood

Stanley Donwood, born in Essex in 1968, is a British writer and album art designer renowned for his work with Radiohead and Thom Yorke. His unique visual style has left a lasting impact on the music industry, enhancing the auditory experience with compelling artwork.

1967 - The Birthday of Greg Gohr: A Pitching Legacy

On July 22, 1967, American pitcher Greg Gohr was born in Santa Clara, California. Known for his time with the Detroit Tigers, this article explores his journey from a young athlete in California to a professional baseball player.

1967 - Celebrating Rufus Sewell's Birthday

Rufus Sewell, born on October 18, 1967, in London, England, is a celebrated English actor known for his roles in films like A Knight's Tale and the TV mini-series Middlemarch. His birthday marks the recognition of his impactful contributions to the arts.

1964 - The Birth of Yasmin Le Bon: A Supermodel Icon

Yasmin Le Bon, born in 1964 in Oxford, England, is an iconic English supermodel known for her remarkable influence in the fashion industry. Her diversity and charm captured the spotlight, making her a symbol of beauty and style throughout the decades.

1961 - Randy Jackson: The Ninth Jackson Brother

Randy Jackson, born in Gary, Indiana in 1961, is the youngest member of the iconic Jackson 5. As a talented singer and musician, he contributed to the group's success with hits like 'ABC.' His legacy continues to resonate in the music industry.

1960 - Celebrating the Birth of Michael Carter: A Dual Athlete Legacy

Michael Carter, born on October 29, 1960, in Dallas, Texas, is a former NFL nose tackle and Olympic silver medalist. Celebrated for his career with the San Francisco 49ers and achievements in shot put, Carter exemplified extraordinary athletic talent in both football and track and field.

1959 - Celebrating the Birth of Finola Hughes

Finola Hughes, an English actress best known for her role in General Hospital, was born on October 29, 1959, in London, England. Her career spans television and film, captivating audiences with her notable performances.

1959 - Celebrating the Life of John Magufuli

John Magufuli, the former President of Tanzania, was born on October 29, 1959, in Chato. Known for his impactful leadership, he served as President from 2015 until his passing in 2021, leaving a significant mark on Tanzania's political landscape.

1959 - Celebrating the Life of Mike Gartner: A Hockey Legend

Mike Gartner, born April 24, 1959, in Ottawa, Ontario, is an NHL legend who played as a right winger for teams like the Toronto Maple Leafs. Celebrating his 64th birthday, Gartner's contributions and passion for hockey continue to inspire fans and young players alike.

Mike Gartner

1959 - Celebrating Tamar Baruch: A Dutch Actress's Birth

Tamar Baruch, a Dutch actress born in 1959 in Laren, Netherlands, is known for her captivating performances in films like Small Truth and Q & Q. Her journey reflects the vibrant arts scene of her birthplace and her impact on Dutch cinema.

1958 - Celebrating David Remnick's Birthday

David Remnick, born on October 29, 1958, in Hackensack, New Jersey, is a renowned American writer and editor of The New Yorker, known for his significant contributions to journalism and literature.

1957 - Celebrating the Birth of Dan Castellaneta

Dan Castellaneta, born on October 29, 1957, in Chicago, Illinois, is an acclaimed comedian and voice actor best known for voicing Homer Simpson on The Simpsons. His talent has earned him several awards and a special place in the hearts of fans.

1956 - The Birth of Wilfredo Gómez: A Boxing Legend

Wilfredo Gómez was born on October 7, 1956, in San Juan, Puerto Rico. He became a legendary boxer known for his incredible speed and punching power, making significant contributions to the sport and inspiring many future athletes from his homeland.

1955 - Celebrating Roger O'Donnell's Birthday

Celebrate the birthday of Roger O'Donnell, the British rock keyboardist from The Cure, born on July 29, 1955, in East London. Known for his hit "Friday I'm In Love", Roger's contributions to the band have left a significant mark on rock music history.

1954 - Celebrating Herman Ronald Frazier's Birth

Herman Ronald Frazier, born on September 5, 1954, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, became a legendary American track athlete. He won a Olympic gold medal in the 4x400m relay in 1976, leaving an enduring legacy in the world of sports.

1954 - The Birth of Lee Child: A Literary Legend

Lee Child, born James Grant on October 29, 1954, in Coventry, England, is a renowned author famed for his Jack Reacher novels. His impactful storytelling has captivated audiences worldwide, making him a cornerstone of modern thriller literature.

1953 - Celebrating 70 Years of Denis Potvin

Denis Potvin, born on October 29, 1953, in Vanier, Ontario, is a celebrated NHL defenseman who played for the New York Islanders and won multiple Norris Trophies. As he celebrates his 70th birthday, we reflect on his incredible career and lasting legacy in hockey.

Denis Potvin

1952 - Birthday of Arnell Carmichael: A Funk-R&B Legend

Arnell Carmichael, born in Detroit in 1952, is a celebrated funk-R&B singer known for his hit with Raydio, "A Woman Needs Love (Just Like You Do)." His musical journey has left a lasting impact on the industry, showcasing the power of soulful songwriting and performance.

1952 - Celebrating the Birth of Valeri Tokarev

Valeri Tokarev, born on February 2, 1952, in Kapustin Yar, is a renowned Russian colonel and cosmonaut known for his vital contributions to the International Space Station and space exploration efforts during his two missions to space.

1951 - Celebrating Guy Gelso: The Drummer of Zebra

Guy Gelso, born in 1951 in Oakland, California, is a renowned American rock drummer best known for his work with the band Zebra. His innovative drumming styles and energetic performances have left a lasting impact on rock music.

1949 - Celebrating David Paton: A Rock Legend Born

David Paton, born in Edinburgh in 1949, is a renowned Scottish rock session and touring bass player, known for his work with Pilot and the Alan Parsons Project. His musical journey highlights his remarkable talent and contributions to the rock music scene.

1949 - Celebrating the Legacy of Paul Orndorff: A Wrestling Icon

Paul Orndorff, known as 'Mr. Wonderful,' was a celebrated professional wrestler born in 1949 in Winchester, Virginia. Renowned for his in-ring charisma, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2005, leaving a lasting impact on the wrestling world before his passing in 2021.

1948 - Celebrating Kate Jackson's 75th Birthday

Kate Jackson, the iconic actress known for her roles in 'Charlie's Angels' and 'The Rookies', celebrates her 75th birthday. Born in Birmingham, Alabama, her career has inspired many and carved out a legacy in television history.

Kate Jackson

1947 - Celebrating Richard Dreyfuss: Iconic Actor Turns 76

Richard Dreyfuss, born on October 29, 1947, in Brooklyn, New York, turns 76 today. Known for his roles in classics like Jaws and Mr. Holland's Opus, Dreyfuss remains a cherished figure in American cinema, recognized for both his talent and advocacy in civic engagement.

Richard Dreyfuss

1946 - Peter Green: The Musical Genius Born in 1946

Peter Green, born in 1946 in Bethnal Green, London, was the iconic guitarist of Fleetwood Mac, known for hits like 'Albatross.' His musicianship and songwriting profoundly impacted rock and blues music until his passing in 2020.

1944 - Celebrating the Birth of Fausto Leali

Fausto Leali, the celebrated Italian singer and entertainer, was born on April 4, 1944, in Nuvolento, Brescia. Known for his emotional vocals and creativity, Leali has made significant contributions to Italian pop and soul music, becoming an enduring icon in the industry.

1943 - Celebrating the Legacy of Norman Hunter

Norman Hunter, born in 1943 in Gateshead, England, was a notable English soccer defender known for his time with Leeds United and the national team, where he earned 28 caps and played in the 1966 FIFA World Cup. He left a lasting legacy in the world of football before passing in 2020.

1942 - Celebrating Bob Ross: The Iconic Artist and TV Host

Bob Ross, born on October 29, 1942, in Daytona Beach, Florida, was an iconic American artist and television host known for his soothing paint tutorials. His influential series "The Joy of Painting" introduced millions to the joys of art and creativity, leaving a lasting legacy.

1942 - Johan Fleming Ramsland: A Broadcasting Pioneer

Johan Fleming Ramsland, born on October 22, 1942, in Melbourne, Australia, was a notable Australian-British broadcaster. As the Managing Editor of BBC World, his career shaped international media before his passing in 1996.

1941 - The Legacy of Andy Russell: A Celebrated Linebacker

Andy Russell, born on January 29, 1941, in Detroit, Michigan, was a celebrated American football linebacker for the Pittsburgh Steelers. With numerous accolades including 7 Pro Bowls and two Super Bowl victories, Russell's impact on football extended far beyond the field, leaving a lasting legacy until his passing in 2024.

1940 - Celebrating the Birth of Frida Boccara

Frida Boccara, born on October 29, 1940, in Casablanca, French Morocco, was a celebrated French singer known for her emotional performances and influence in the music scene. She left a lasting legacy in the world of music until her passing in 1996.

1938 - Celebrating the Milestone of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, born in 1938 in Monrovia, Liberia, made history as Africa's first elected female head of state. Serving as President from 2006 to 2018, she championed women's rights and led her country towards recovery and peace.

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

1938 - Celebrating Ralph Bakshi: The Visionary Animator

Ralph Bakshi, born in 1938 in Haifa, is a groundbreaking animator famous for pioneering adult animation in films like Fritz the Cat and Lord of the Rings (1978), influencing the animation landscape with his bold storytelling and unique techniques.

1935 - The Birth of Isao Takahata

Isao Takahata, born in 1935 in Ujiyamada, Japan, was a pioneering anime director known for masterpieces like Grave of the Fireflies and The Tale of the Princess Kaguya. His innovative storytelling and artistic style have left a lasting impact on the animation industry.

1934 - The Life of Karl Francis Hettinger: A Survivor's Story

Karl Francis Hettinger was born in Los Angeles in 1934 and became a notable police officer, best known for surviving the tragic Onion Field incident. His experiences shaped discussions around police mental health and the dangers faced by law enforcement.

1932 - Celebrating the Legacy of Ted Nash

Ted Nash, born in 1932 in Melrose, Massachusetts, was an Olympic gold medalist in rowing. His remarkable journey took him from local waters to Olympic glory, inspiring generations of athletes before his passing in 2021.

1930 - Celebrating Omara Portuondo's Legacy

Omara Portuondo, born in 1930 in Havana, Cuba, is a celebrated Cuban singer known for her profound contributions to music through Cuarteto d'Aida and the Buena Vista Social Club. Her legacy continues to influence musicians worldwide.

1927 - Celebrating Frank Sedgman: A Tennis Legend Turns 96

Frank Sedgman, born in 1927 in Melbourne, celebrates his remarkable career as an Australian tennis player. With five Grand Slam singles titles and a remarkable doubles Grand Slam in 1951, Sedgman’s legacy continues to inspire tennis enthusiasts.

Frank Sedgman

1926 - Celebrating the Birth of Jon Vickers: A Voice for the Ages

Jon Vickers, born in 1926 in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, was a Canadian operatic tenor renowned for his powerful voice and emotive performances at Covent Garden and the New York Metropolitan Opera, contributing significantly to the opera world until his death in 2015.

1925 - The Birthday of Jazz Legend John 'Zoot' Sims

On October 29, 1925, John 'Zoot' Sims was born in Inglewood, California. He became a prominent jazz saxophonist known for his exceptional improvisation skills. Sims left a lasting legacy through his work with famous bands and collaborations with jazz legends.

1925 - Celebrating the Legacy of Betty Evans Grayson

Betty Evans Grayson, born in 1925 in Portland, Oregon, was an acclaimed softball pitcher and inducted into the National Softball Hall of Fame in 1959. A key player for the Chicago Queens, her legacy continues to inspire future generations in women's sports.

1925 - Celebrating Dominick Dunne: A Literary Life

Dominick Dunne, born in Hartford, Connecticut in 1925, was a prominent American writer and producer known for his impactful novel 'Panic in Needle Park'. He left a lasting legacy in literature and film before his passing in 2009.

1922 - Celebrating the Life of Neal Hefti

Neal Hefti, born on October 29, 1922, in Hastings, Nebraska, was a notable jazz trumpeter and composer renowned for his work with Count Basie and Woody Herman, including the iconic Batman theme and 'Li'l Darlin'. He passed away in 2008, leaving a lasting legacy in jazz music.

1921 - Celebrating the Birth of Bill Mauldin

Born on February 15, 1921, in Mountain Park, New Mexico, Bill Mauldin became a renowned cartoonist known for his poignant World War II cartoons. His work captured the humor and struggles of American soldiers, earning him a Pulitzer Prize in 1945. He passed away in 2003.

1920 - Celebrating Baruj Benacerraf: A Pioneer in Immunology

Baruj Benacerraf, born in Caracas in 1920, was a Venezuelan-American immunologist recognized with a Nobel Prize in 1980 for his critical discoveries in immune response regulation and the role of genes in autoimmune diseases. He passed away in 2011, leaving a significant legacy in medical science.

1918 - Celebrating the Birth of Bernard Gordon

Bernard Gordon, born in 1918 in New Britain, Connecticut, was an influential American writer and producer known for the film 'Earth vs. the Flying Saucers'. His work significantly shaped the science fiction genre and inspired future filmmakers.

1913 - Celebrating the Birth of Eddie Constantine

On February 29, 1913, celebrated American-French singer and actor Eddie Constantine was born in Los Angeles. Known for his roles in popular films like 'Alphaville' and 'License to Kill', his talent spanned singing and acting until his passing in 1993.

1910 - The Birth of A. J. Ayer: A Pioneer of Neopositivism

A. J. Ayer was born in London in 1910, becoming a leading figure in Logical Positivism. His groundbreaking work shaped modern philosophy, emphasizing empirical verification of meaningful statements. Ayer’s influence continued until his death in 1989.

1909 - Celebrating the Birth of Douglass Montgomery

Douglass Montgomery, born in 1909 in Los Angeles, California, was a renowned American actor known for his roles in films like 'Forbidden' and 'Harmony Lane.' He left an indelible mark on Hollywood before passing away in 1966.

1908 - Celebrating the Legacy of Stewart Myles MacPherson

Stewart Myles MacPherson, born in 1908 in Winnipeg, was a notable broadcaster during WWII, leaving a lasting legacy in both Canada and Britain. His communications during the war played a crucial role in maintaining morale among listeners. He passed away in 1995.

1901 - Celebrating the Life of Daniele Amfitheatrof

Daniele Amfitheatrof, born in 1901 in Saint Petersburg, was a Russian-Italian pianist, conductor, and composer known for his film scores like 'The Naked Jungle' and concert music. His work continues to influence musicians today, making him a prominent figure in the music world.

1899 - Celebrating the Birth of Akim Tamiroff

Akim Tamiroff was born in Tiflis in 1899. Renowned for roles in 'Touch of Evil' and 'For Whom the Bell Tolls', he made a significant mark in film and is celebrated for his contributions to the Golden Age of Hollywood.

1897 - The Life of Hope Emerson: A Trailblazing Actress

Hope Emerson, born on March 24, 1897, in Hawarden, Iowa, was an influential American actress known for her roles in iconic shows like I Married Joan and Peter Gunn. Her remarkable career and advocacy for women's representation in media left a lasting legacy until her passing in 1960.

1890 - The Birth of Claire Goll, A Literary Icon

Claire Goll, born in 1890 in Nuremberg, was a significant German-French writer known for her poetry and novels. Her works reflect her cultural heritage and the impact of her tumultuous experiences, making her an influential figure in literature.

1889 - The Birth of Li Dazhao: A Revolutionary Intellectual

Li Dazhao, born in 1889, was a key intellectual and revolutionary figure in early 20th century China. As a co-founder of the Chinese Communist Party with Chen Duxiu, his contributions shaped the future of Chinese politics. He passed away in 1927 but left a lasting legacy.

1882 - Birth of Jean Giraudoux: A Literary Luminary

Explore the life and legacy of Jean Giraudoux, the French writer known for his captivating works like 'The Madwoman of Chaillot', born in 1882 in Bellac. His innovative storytelling continues to inspire the world of theatre today.

1880 - Celebrating the Life of Abram F. Joffe

Born in 1880 in Romny, Abram F. Joffe became a pioneering physicist, known for his groundbreaking work in crystallography. His legacy continues to influence the field of condensed matter physics long after his passing in 1960.

1879 - Celebrating the Legacy of Alva B. Adams

Alva B. Adams, born in 1879 in Del Norte, Colorado, became a notable American politician and served as a U.S. Senator from 1933 to 1941. His legacy continues to inspire as a leader dedicated to public service and community engagement.

1877 - Celebrating Narcisa de León: Pioneer of Filipino Cinema

Narcisa de León, born in 1877 in San Miguel, Bulacan, was a remarkable film mogul and pioneer in the Filipino cinema industry. She founded LVN Pictures, which became one of the earliest successful production companies, significantly shaping the cinematic landscape of the Philippines.

1871 - Celebrating the Influence of Narziss Ach

Narziss Ach, a notable German psychologist, was born in 1871 in Ermershausen, Bavaria. He authored 'Analyse des Willens', a significant work in understanding human will, impacting psychology profoundly before his death in 1946.

1837 - Celebrating the Life of Abraham Kuyper

Abraham Kuyper, born in 1837 in Maassluis, was a significant political figure and Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1901 to 1905. His dual legacy as a politician and theologian continues to inspire discussions around faith and politics today.

Abraham Kuyper

1822 - Celebrating the Birth of Joost Gerard Kist

Joost Gerard Kist, born in 1822 in Zoelen, Netherlands, became a prominent Dutch lawyer and served as the president of the High Council from 1885 to 1897, leaving a lasting legacy in the legal landscape of his country.

1816 - Celebrating the Birth of Ferdinand II of Portugal

Ferdinand II, King of Portugal, was born on October 29, 1816, in Palais Coburg, Vienna. His reign from 1837 to 1853 brought significant cultural influence and architectural legacy, particularly with the creation of the stunning Pena Palace.