Amnesty to Algerians 1959

A Historic Gesture by Charles De Gaulle

In 1959, a pivotal moment in **French-Algerian relations** occurred when President **Charles De Gaulle** granted amnesty to 130 Algerians who had been sentenced to death. This event took place against the backdrop of the **Algerian War of Independence** (1954-1962), a brutal conflict characterized by intense violence and harsh repression.

De Gaulle's decision to offer amnesty was rooted in a broader strategy aimed at negotiating peace and ultimately addressing the growing tensions between France and Algeria. By acknowledging the plight of Algerian nationalists, De Gaulle sought to move towards reconciliation and a potential resolution of the violent struggle that was tearing both France and Algeria apart.

Background of the Amnesty

The **Algerian War** was marked by guerrilla warfare, terrorism, and significant civil strife. The struggle was not just a fight for Algerian independence, but also a clash of identities, cultures, and political ideologies. During this dark period, thousands of Algerians were tried and sentenced, with many receiving the death penalty for their resistance against French colonial rule. De Gaulle's amnesty aimed to soften tensions and signal a new approach to French governance in Algeria.

The Role of De Gaulle in Algerian Independence

Charles De Gaulle, who returned to power in 1958, was keenly aware of the rising tide of nationalist sentiment in Algeria. His announcement of silence on the killings and a call for peaceful dialogue were profound changes from earlier French military approaches. This amnesty for the selected 130 Algerians represented a crucial step in bridging the gap between the two nations and moving towards self-determination for Algeria.

The Impact of the Amnesty

The amnesty granted by De Gaulle had significant implications for both Algeria and France. On one hand, it was celebrated by many as a step towards justice and the recognition of the violence inflicted during the war. On the other hand, it also drew criticism from hardliners within France who saw it as a betrayal of their efforts to maintain control over Algeria.

Reactions from Within France

The amnesty sparked considerable debate in France. Supporters believed it was a necessary step towards peace and a compromise that would allow for further negotiations regarding Algeria’s future. However, detractors, including military leaders and right-wing politicians, viewed it as capitulation to terrorism, fueling tensions over the **Indochina Conflict** and increasing instability.

Algerians' Reception of De Gaulle's Amnesty

Among the Algerian population, De Gaulle’s amnesty was generally interpreted as an acknowledgment of their suffering. For many Algerians, this act was a flicker of hope in a long and arduous struggle for independence. It also provided a platform for further discussions on the future of Algeria, influencing subsequent negotiations that would eventually lead to independence in 1962.

Fun Fact

Charles De Gaulle's Lasting Influence

Charles De Gaulle's leadership not only influenced the outcome of the Algerian War but also reshaped modern French politics. His policies and decisions during this tumultuous time laid the groundwork for the establishment of the **Fifth Republic**, which still governs France today.

Additional Resources

Recommended Reading on Charles De Gaulle

For those interested in exploring further, consider reading “De Gaulle: A Biography” by **Jean Lacouture**, and “The Algerian War: 1954-1962” by **Alistair Horne**. These works provide deeper insights into De Gaulle's policies and the complexities of the Algerian War.