Estonia and the Soviet Military Bases of 1939

Estonia's Acceptance of Soviet Military Bases in 1939

The year 1939 marked a significant turning point in Estonia's history as the small Baltic nation found itself at the crossroads of geopolitical interests during a time of mounting tensions in Europe. Following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, a non-aggression treaty between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, Estonia was compelled to accept the establishment of Soviet military bases on its territory. This event was pivotal, altering the course of Estonia's sovereignty and security.

Historical Background of Estonia

Estonia, which declared independence following World War I, had enjoyed a brief period of autonomy. However, its location made it vulnerable to external powers. The impending World War II created an environment where neighboring nations sought territorial gains, and Estonia was caught in the crossfire.

The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact

The secret protocols of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact divided Eastern Europe into zones of influence. Estonia fell under Soviet control, which ultimately led to the demand for military bases on its soil. The pact not only changed Estonia's fate but set the scene for future territorial disputes.

Impacts of Soviet Military Presence in Estonia

The acceptance of Soviet military bases had profound implications for Estonia. It marked the beginning of a new era defined by foreign military presence, which led to Estonia losing its independence just a few months later.

Loss of Sovereignty

As a result of the agreement, Estonia lost a significant portion of its autonomy. The military bases allowed the Soviets to exert control over Estonian territory, leading to the eventual occupation of the entire country. The Soviet military presence made it clear that Estonia was now part of the Soviet sphere of influence.

Escalation of Tensions

The presence of Soviet troops escalated tensions not only within Estonia but also among its neighbors. The rearmament of Estonia by the Soviets was viewed as a direct threat, contributing to the volatility of the Baltic region and the eventual outbreak of World War II.

Fun Fact

Estonia's Struggle for Independence

Despite the Soviet military buildup and eventual occupation, Estonia would later regain its independence in 1991, after years of struggle, showcasing the resilience of its people and their enduring desire for sovereignty.

Additional Resources

Recommended Reading on Estonia's History

For those interested in exploring more about Estonia’s challenging history, consider reading “The Estonian Revolution 1987-1991” by Jüri Pihkva, or “The Baltic Revolution” by Andreas Kappeler, which provide in-depth insights into the country’s tumultuous relationship with its powerful neighbors.