Iraq Launches SCUD Missiles Against Israel (1991)

The Start of the Gulf War and Iraq's Missile Strikes

The early months of 1991 were pivotal as Iraq, under the leadership of President Saddam Hussein, launched a series of military actions during the Gulf War. The conflict began when Iraqi forces invaded Kuwait in August 1990, prompting international condemnation and the formation of a coalition led by the United States. As the coalition forces commenced Operation Desert Storm in January 1991 to liberate Kuwait, Iraq retaliated in a surprising move by targeting neighboring Israel with SCUD missiles.

The SCUD Missile Attacks

On January 17, 1991, in what was one of the most controversial decisions, Saddam Hussein ordered the launch of SCUD missiles aimed at Israel. Over the course of the conflict, approximately 39 SCUD missiles would be fired, causing damage and civilian casualties. This strategic decision was multifold; by striking Israel, Iraq aimed to provoke a response that could fracture the international coalition against it, especially drawing Arab nations into the conflict.

Impacts on Israeli and Coalition Dynamics

The missile strikes created significant fear among the Israeli population and raised alarms within the coalition. Israel, which was prepared for attacks but had chosen not to intervene formally in the Gulf War, faced immediate moral and security dilemmas. Ultimately, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir opted to restrain retaliation, adhering to a strategy that supported U.S. military efforts. This restraint was crucial in maintaining Arab support for the coalition.

The Aftermath of the SCUD Attacks

The tactical use of SCUD missiles by Iraq highlighted the complexities of the Gulf War and became a significant propaganda tool for Saddam Hussein, attempting to present Iraq as a defender of Arab nationalism against perceived Western aggression.

Consequences for Iraq and Regional Politics

In the wake of the missile attacks, Saddam Hussein's reputation was bolstered among some factions in the Arab world, even as his regime faced severe military setbacks. The U.N. sanctions imposed post-war severely crippled the Iraqi economy, deepening the humanitarian crises that followed.

Legacy of the Missile Strikes

In the years that followed, the missile attacks became a focal point of discussions regarding Middle Eastern geopolitics and the evolving military strategies of neighboring nations. The threat of chemical weapons and missile technology also prompted advancements in missile defense systems, particularly in Israel, influencing future military and political strategies.

Fun Fact

Missiles and Misinformation

Interestingly, the SCUD missiles were not particularly effective in terms of accuracy and firepower, yet their psychological impact was significant, as they kept the Israeli population on high alert and showcased the extent of Iraq's capabilities.

Additional Resources

Recommended Reading on Gulf War and SCUD Missiles

For those interested in a deeper exploration of this historical event, consider reading "The Gulf War: 1990-1991" by Gordon McCormick and "A History of the Gulf War" by Edward E. Rice.