The 1968 Military Coup in Peru

The Rise of the Military in Peru

Background of President Fernando Belaúnde Terry

Fernando Belaúnde Terry served as President of Peru from 1963 until he was overthrown in 1968. His government was marked by ambitious social and economic reforms, aiming to modernize the country and reduce poverty. However, his administration faced numerous challenges, including economic instability, social unrest, and issues with land reform. These issues would set the stage for a growing sentiment against his presidency.

The Economic Landscape under Belaúnde

Despite his vision, Belaúnde's policies struggled in the face of economic downturns. High inflation and a dwindling economy made it difficult for him to maintain public support. The dissatisfaction of the Peruvian populace fueled discontent, which the military would soon capitalize on.

The Coup d'État of 1968

Events Leading to the Coup

On October 3, 1968, the Peruvian Armed Forces staged a military coup against Belaúnde's government. Led by General Juan Velasco Alvarado, the military cited Belaúnde's inability to manage the country effectively as justification for their action. The coup was relatively swift, facing little resistance, and it marked a shift in Peru’s political landscape.

Aftermath and Consequences of the Coup

Following the coup, Velasco took control and implemented a series of sweeping reforms, including land reforms and nationalization of key industries. The coup was justified as a necessary measure to correct the course of Peru's governance, but it also led to a period of military rule that would last until 1980, changing the fabric of Peruvian society.

Fun Fact

Fernando Belaúnde's Legacy

Despite his overthrow, Belaúnde has been remembered for his attempts to foster democracy and implement social reforms. His later return to power in 1980 showcased the resilience of democratic ideals in Peru.