The British Occupation of Calcutta in 1757

Name: The British Occupation of Calcutta in 1757
Start: 1756-01-02
Location: Unspecified

The British Invasion of Calcutta

Background to the British Occcupation

The year 1757 marked a significant turning point in the history of India, particularly for the city of Calcutta. Having established their trading base there, the British East India Company aimed to consolidate its power amid growing tensions with local rulers and competing European powers.

The Reason for the Invasion

The British occupation was fueled by a desire to eliminate rival influences, particularly from the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah. His actions against British interests, including the strengthening of fortifications and attempts to expel the British from Calcutta, created a hostile environment that culminated in the invasion.

The Siege of Calcutta

The Start of Hostilities

The clash began in June 1756 with the Nawab’s forces capturing Fort William and laying siege to the city. The British de facto governor, Mr. Holwell, chronicled this harrowing experience including the infamous ‘Black Hole of Calcutta’ incident, where many British prisoners died in a confined cell due to overcrowding and a lack of ventilation.

The Battle of Plassey

On June 23, 1757, the British forces under Colonel Robert Clive decisively defeated the Nawab’s troops at the Battle of Plassey, powered by strategic alliances with key local factions. This victory marked the beginning of British dominance over Bengal and paved the way for further territorial expansion into India.

Consequences of the Occupation

Bengal Under British Rule

The successful occupation of Calcutta initiated an era where Bengal became a central part of the British Raj. This occupation led to significant administrative, economic, and social changes that affected millions of Indians.

Impact on Indian Society

While the British introduced infrastructure and educational reforms, they also contributed to widespread suffering, particularly during famines exacerbated by exploitative tax policies. The legacy of the British rule would continue to shape India for centuries.

Fun Fact

The ‘Black Hole of Calcutta’ Incident

This tragic event, which allegedly resulted in the deaths of over 40 British captives in a small dungeon, became a rallying point for British sympathy and outrage against the Nawab, effectively cementing the public opinion against him in the following military campaigns.