The Election of Marshal Arturo da Costa e Silva as President of Brazil (1966)

The Presidential Ascendancy of Marshal Arturo da Costa e Silva

Background of Marshal Arturo da Costa e Silva

Born in 1902, in the city of Itabira, Brazil, Marshal Arturo da Costa e Silva rose through the ranks of the Brazilian military. Before becoming president, he served in various significant military roles, reflecting his commitment to Brazil and its governance during a tumultuous time in its history.

Circumstances Leading to His Election

Marshal Costa e Silva was elected president on March 15, 1966, following a period of intense political unrest and military rule in Brazil that began in 1964. He was selected as the successor to Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, marking a continuation of the military regime in an era characterized by repression and opposition to democracy.

Costa e Silva’s Presidency: Policies and Impact

Key Policies of Marshal Costa e Silva

During his presidency, Costa e Silva enacted the Institutional Act Number 5 in December 1968, which significantly curtailed political freedoms, augmented police powers, and allowed the government to suppress dissent effectively. This act marked the nadir of Brazil's authoritarian regime, leading to widespread civil rights abuses.

Economic Measures and Development

Despite his repressive regime, Costa e Silva initiated development policies aimed at modernization and economic growth, often employing an alliance with private enterprise. His government witnessed substantial economic growth during the late 1960s, although it came at the cost of increasing social inequalities and unrest among the populace.

Fun Fact

Arturo da Costa e Silva's Legacy

Though often remembered for his authoritarian measures, Costa e Silva’s era contributed to Brazil's rapid industrial growth, earning the country the nickname "The Brazil Miracle" during the early 1970s, highlighting the paradox of development amidst dictatorship.