Caligula Accepts the Principate in 37 AD

Name: Caligula Accepts the Principate in 37 AD
Start: 0012-03-28
Location: Unspecified

The Rise of Caligula to Power

In 37 AD, Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, famously known as Caligula, officially accepted the titles of the Principate, marking his ascendance as Roman Emperor. This event was significant as it not only solidified his role as the ruler of Rome but also set the stage for the dramatic and often controversial reign that was to follow.

Background on Caligula

Caligula was born in Antium, Italy, in 12 AD and was the son of Germanicus, a beloved Roman general, and Agrippina the Elder. His early life was marked by tragedy as he witnessed the executions of many family members, which would profoundly influence his later rule. After a period of mourning for his predecessor, Tiberius, Caligula emerged as a new leader, appealing to the masses with promises of a restored republic.

The Senate’s Role in His Ascension

The Senate played a pivotal role in Caligula's acceptance of the Principate. Following Tiberius's death, the Senate offered the control of the empire to Caligula, who welcomed their decision and sought to win their favor. His initial actions included acting more in sync with senatorial interests, which won him some acclaim during his early reign.

Caligula's Influence on Rome

Caligula’s reign began with much public enthusiasm but soon turned into one filled with fear and controversy. His acceptance of power led many to view him as a tyrant rather than a benevolent ruler.

Policies and Public Perception

Initially, Caligula implemented policies that seemed beneficial, such as reducing taxes and promoting entertainment, which made him popular among the lower classes. However, as time progressed, many of his actions, including extravagant spending and erratic behavior, were viewed negatively by the Senate and the elite.

The Infamous Tyranny of Caligula

Caligula is often remembered for his cruel and bizarre behaviors. His insistence on being worshipped as a living god, along with his infamous decision to appoint his beloved horse Incitatus to the Senate, contributed to the perception of him as a madman. This period of instability ultimately culminated in significant resentment from the Senate and the Praetorian Guard, leading to his eventual assassination in 41 AD.

Fun Fact

Caligula and His Horse

One notable aspect of Caligula’s reign is his dedication to his horse, Incitatus, whom he reportedly wanted to make a consul. This peculiar act has been frequently cited as a symbol of his reign’s absurdity.