Delhi Becomes the Capital of India in 1911

The Shift of Power: Delhi Takes Center Stage

This Historic Move in 1911

The year 1911 marked a pivotal chapter in Indian history as Delhi was declared the new capital of British India, replacing Calcutta. This significant decision was announced during the Delhi Durbar, a grand ceremony held to celebrate the coronation of King George V and Queen Mary. The transfer of the capital symbolized a shift not only in politics but also in cultural and administrative power, as Delhi was chosen to represent a united India under British rule.

Reasons Behind the Decision

Several factors contributed to the British decision to relocate the capital from Calcutta to Delhi. Firstly, Calcutta, located in the eastern part of India, was increasingly viewed as politically volatile and challenging to govern. Moreover, Delhi's central location made it more accessible for administration across the subcontinent. Additionally, Delhi had a rich historical significance as an ancient Mughal city, adding to its appeal for the British who aimed to portray a sense of grandeur and authority.

Impact of the Capital Shift

Architectural Changes in Delhi

The establishment of Delhi as the new capital led to extensive urban development and architectural projects. The British commissioned renowned architects such as Edward Lutyens and Herbert Baker to design and construct iconic buildings, including the Rashtrapati Bhavan (Presidential Palace) and the India Gate. These structures represented a blend of imperial style and Indian traditions, leaving a lasting legacy that persists in modern-day India.

Political Ramifications and Growing Nationalism

The decision to make Delhi the capital also had significant political ramifications. While it was aimed at consolidating British power, it inadvertently fueled the nationalist movement. As leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru galvanized the populace against colonial rule, Delhi became a focal point for political activity and protest, leading to its role in India’s struggle for independence.

Fun Fact

The Delhi Durbar of 1911

The Delhi Durbar held in December 1911 was the last of its kind and was attended by over 100,000 people. It was a grand spectacle that included elaborate parades and festivities, showcasing the British Empire's power and influence in India.

Additional Resources

Recommended Reading on the Shift of India's Capital

For those interested in exploring this topic further, consider reading "The Delhi Durbar: 1911" by John H. R. Brown or "Delhi: A Biography" by Rana Safvi. These texts provide insights into the rich history and cultural significance of Delhi in the context of British rule.