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(November 17)
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today in history?
Nov 17
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Kristallnacht: The Night of Broken Glass

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The Outbreak of Kristallnacht

The Assassination that Sparked Violence

The second day of Kristallnacht, which translates to "the Night of Broken Glass," occurred on November 10, 1938, following the assassination of German diplomat Ernst vom Rath in Paris by a Jewish teenager named Herschel Grynszpan. This tragic event provided the Nazi regime with a pretext to unleash a wave of anti-Semitic violence across Germany and Austria.

The Nazis' Role in the Pogrom

The Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels, orchestrated this coordinated attack against Jewish communities. This violent outburst was not spontaneous; it was planned and encouraged by the government, marking a significant escalation in their anti-Jewish policies.

The Horrors of Kristallnacht

Destruction and Violence

During Kristallnacht, thousands of Jewish-owned businesses were vandalized and destroyed, with shop windows smashed, hence the name "Night of Broken Glass." Synagogues were set on fire, homes were ransacked, and approximately 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to concentration camps, representing a turning point in the treatment of Jews in Nazi Germany.

The Aftermath of Kristallnacht

The immediate result of Kristallnacht was a chilling atmosphere for Jews in Germany and Austria. Many faced severe financial ruin from the destruction of their businesses, while the violence served as a stark warning of what was to come during the Holocaust. The global community was horrified, but only a few took action to help.

Fun Fact

Historical Impact of Kristallnacht

Kristallnacht is often seen as the prelude to the Holocaust, symbolizing the extreme escalation of anti-Semitic violence in Nazi Germany. It marked a turning point for the Jewish population, leading many to flee the country and seek refuge abroad.

Additional Resources

Recommended Reading on Kristallnacht

For those interested in learning more, consider reading "The Holocaust: A New History" by Laurence Rees or "Kristallnacht: The Nazi Terror at the Edge of the Holocaust" by Stephen H. Norwood for detailed accounts of this tragic event.