The 1974 Military Coup in Ethiopia

Name: The 1974 Military Coup in Ethiopia
Start: 1892-06-29
Location: Unspecified

The Overthrow of Emperor Haile Selassie

The 1974 Military Coup in Ethiopia marks a significant turning point in the nation’s history. The coup was primarily led by a group of military officers known as the Derg, who overthrew the long-reigning Emperor Haile Selassie. The Emperor’s rule faced rampant criticism due to severe economic distress and widespread famine, which fueled discontent among the populace and sparked the revolution.

The Derg: Rise to Power

The Derg, originally a committee of military officers, began to challenge the authority of Haile Selassie amid rising civil unrest and economic challenges. On September 12, 1974, the Derg announced the deposition of Haile Selassie, marking the end of a monarchy that had ruled Ethiopia for thousands of years.

The Impact of the Coup

Following the coup, Ethiopia was declared a republic. The Derg initially aimed to establish a socialist state, leading to sweeping land reforms and nationalizations of industries. However, these radical reforms led to further unrest and conflict, culminating in a brutal civil war.

The Aftermath of the Coup

The 1974 coup not only changed the political landscape of Ethiopia but also had an immense social impact. The Derg, under the leadership of Colonel Mengistu Haile Mariam, transitioned from a moderate to a more authoritarian regime, which led to widespread human rights abuses, including the infamous "Red Terror" campaign against perceived opponents.

Establishment of a Socialist Regime

With Mengistu at the helm, Ethiopia experienced a shift toward extreme socialism, culminating in a period of severe oppression and famine. The government sought to eliminate all positions of power that didn’t align with its socialist ideals, resulting in thousands of deaths and the displacement of many Ethiopians.

International Response and Isolation

As Ethiopia became increasingly isolated due to its political choices, it drew closer to the Soviet Union, receiving military and economic assistance. This alignment changed the dynamics of regional politics in Africa, and Ethiopia became a key player during the Cold War.

Fun Fact: Haile Selassie’s Influence

Haile Selassie’s Legacy

Despite the coup that led to his downfall, Haile Selassie remains a symbol of resistance and hope for many. His efforts in advancing African unity and his advocacy for independence among African nations continue to be celebrated and remembered.