The 1990 Invasion of Kuwait

Name: The 1990 Invasion of Kuwait
Start: 1937-08-02
Location: Unspecified

The Outbreak of Conflict: Iraq's Invasion of Kuwait

The invasion of Kuwait by Iraq on August 2, 1990, marked a pivotal moment in Middle Eastern history. Following years of strained relations, fueled by disputes over oil production and territorial claims, Iraqi President Saddam Hussein ordered his troops into Kuwait, claiming it as a province of Iraq.

Saddam Hussein’s Ambition

Saddam Hussein sought to expand Iraq’s borders and enhance its economic power, particularly after the crippling effects of the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988). By invading Kuwait, he aimed to seize its vast oil reserves and gain control over one of the world's most lucrative oil-producing regions.

The Quick Fall of Kuwait

The rapid air and ground assault led to the swift collapse of Kuwaiti defense efforts. Within hours, the tiny nation’s military infrastructure was overwhelmed, leading to the emir, Sheikh Jabir Al Ahmad Al Sabah, fleeing to Saudi Arabia for safety.

The Global Response to Iraq's Actions

The invasion triggered an international outcry and a coalition of nations led by the United States prepared to intervene. The UN swiftly imposed economic sanctions against Iraq and a resolution was passed to authorize the use of force, ultimately leading to the Gulf War to liberate Kuwait.

The Role of the United Nations

The United Nations became a central figure in organizing the response to Iraq's aggression. United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 demanded Iraq’s immediate withdrawal from Kuwait, setting a deadline for January 15, 1991, after which military action would commence.

Coalition Forces Mobilize

In response to the invasion, a coalition of over 30 nations, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and various Arab states, began mobilizing forces in the region. This coalition would ultimately launch Operation Desert Storm in January 1991, effectively driving Iraqi forces out of Kuwait.

Fun Fact

Kuwait’s Emir in Exile

During the invasion, Sheikh Jabir Al Ahmad Al Sabah remained in exile in Saudi Arabia for the duration of the occupation and played a crucial role in rallying support for Kuwait’s liberation from abroad.