1991 Colombian Government Negotiates with M-19 Guerrilla

Name: 1991 Colombian Government Negotiates with M-19 Guerrilla
Start: 1970-10-30
Location: Unspecified

The Negotiation Process Between the Colombian Government and M-19

The M-19 Guerrilla’s Emergence

Founded in the early 1970s, the M-19 was a revolutionary group in Colombia formed in response to political corruption and electoral fraud. The group's name stood for "April 19" when an alleged fraudulent presidential election took place in 1970. They captured public attention and sympathy due to their urban guerrilla strategies and charismatic leadership, becoming a formidable opposition force.

Government Stance Before Negotiations

Before 1991, the Colombian government struggled to suppress M-19's operations. Years of violence, including the infamous 1985 storming of the Justice Palace, had turned public opinion and forced the government to consider negotiations to end the internal conflict peacefully.

Key Events Leading to the Peace Agreement

The Start of Peace Talks

Initial negotiations between the Colombian government and M-19 began in late 1989, with both sides keenly aware of the need for a peaceful resolution. The talks gained momentum in 1990 and culminated in significant compromises from both parties. Central to the discussions was the M-19's desire for political recognition and legitimization.

The Signing of the Peace Accord

On March 9, 1990, the peace process finally bore fruit, leading to the signing of a historic peace accord. M-19 agreed to disarm and convert into a legal political party, known as the Alianza Democrática M-19, marking a substantial shift in Colombia’s political landscape. The accord included commitments to human rights and reforms, laying groundwork for future peace in the country.

Impact of the Negotiation on Colombia

Political and Social Changes

The negotiations proved foundational for Colombian democracy, showing that dialogue was possible amid conflict. It opened avenues for other guerilla movements to pursue similar paths towards peace, resulting in a shift in the dynamics of Colombian politics and society.

Challenges in the Aftermath of Negotiation

While the agreement marked progress, challenges persisted, including violence against former guerrillas and political leaders. The assassination of various M-19 members served as a grim reminder that although peace was negotiated, achieving lasting peace required ongoing effort and commitment.

Fun Fact

M-19's Unique Approach to Guerrilla Warfare

Unlike many other guerrilla groups, the M-19 was known for its emphasis on theatrical tactics, including high-profile hostage situations, which captured international attention and often played to the media, making their struggle as much a political and cultural fight as a military one.