The Origin of 'In God We Trust'

The Historical Petition by Reverend Mark R. Watkinson

Reverend Mark R. Watkinson's Plea

In the spring of 1861, during a tumultuous time for the United States marked by civil strife, Reverend Mark R. Watkinson, a minister from Pennsylvania, took a significant step that would impact American currency for generations. He wrote a letter to the Secretary of the Treasury, Salmon P. Chase, advocating for the inclusion of a national motto on the nation's coins that recognized the divine authority of God. In his poignant plea, he argued that as America faced the duress of the Civil War, it was imperative to invoke the guidance of a higher power.

The Response from the Treasury Department

Mark Watkinson's heartfelt appeal resonated with Chase, who was contemplating the need for some unifying symbol for the nation during its darkest hours. Although Watkinson's specific suggestion of "recognizing Almighty God" was not adopted word for word, his influence was pivotal in the eventual selection of the motto "In God We Trust". This decision was officially made in 1864, marking a turning point in how religious sentiment was publicly expressed through U.S. currency.

The Adoption of 'In God We Trust'

The First Coins with the Motto

The motto 'In God We Trust' first appeared on a two-cent coin in 1864, a move that can be directly tied to Reverend Watkinson's petition. This coin was a symbolic representation not just of currency, but also of the cultural and spiritual sentiments held dear by many Americans, serving as a reminder of faith during a period of considerable turmoil.

Evolution of the Motto on Currency

Following its initial appearance, the phrase continued to gain popularity and eventually became a staple on all U.S. currency. By 1956, Congress officially adopted 'In God We Trust' as the national motto, further reinforcing its significance in American identity. This evolution underscores the interplay of faith and politics in American history, reflecting the sentiments of a nation often seeking divine guidance.

Fun Fact

Reverend Watkinson's Legacy

Interestingly, Reverend Mark R. Watkinson's advocacy not only led to a profound change in U.S. currency but also reflected a broader commitment among Americans to intertwine their faith with national identity. To this day, the motto remains a topic of discussion regarding the separation of church and state.

Additional Resources

Recommended Reading on 'In God We Trust'

For deeper exploration into this significant aspect of American history, consider reading 'In God We Trust: The American Motto' and 'God and Country: The Fight for Religious Liberty'. These books offer insight into the cultural origins of this important motto and its ongoing relevance.