The Birth of the US Secret Service: 1865

The Establishment of the US Secret Service

The United States Secret Service was founded on July 5, 1865, originally under the Department of the Treasury. This notable development came during a tumultuous period in American history, just after the end of the Civil War. The primary mission of the Secret Service was to combat the rampant counterfeiting of U.S. currency that was undermining the nation’s economy. More than one-third of all currency in circulation at the time was counterfeit, posing a significant threat to the economic stability of the post-war United States.

The Initial Purpose of the Secret Service

Initially, the main function of the US Secret Service was to investigate and prevent counterfeiting. This responsibility was crucial as it not only focused on protecting the nation’s financial system but also involved safeguarding the integrity of the nation’s currency. With the rapid growth of the nation, the need for a clandestine division to address these issues became paramount, leading to the establishment of the Secret Service.

The Role of the Secret Service Post-Civil War

As the nation emerged from the Civil War, the economic challenges intensified, with counterfeiting becoming an increasingly common crime. The involvement of the Secret Service marked a government effort to restore public confidence in the economy by ensuring that the currency was secure and trustworthy.

The Evolution of the US Secret Service

In the years following its formation, the role of the US Secret Service evolved significantly. While it continued to focus on the prevention of counterfeiting, additional responsibilities were gradually assigned.

Protection of National Leaders

By the late 19th century, the Secret Service began to take on the role of providing protection for the President of the United States, especially after the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901. This pivotal shift in their duties showcased the growing importance of the agency in matters of national security.

Modern Responsibilities of the Secret Service

Today, the US Secret Service fulfills a dual mission: safeguarding the financial infrastructure of the United States and protecting the President, Vice President, and their immediate families. This transformation reflects the agency's ability to adapt to the evolving needs of national security and public safety.

Fun Fact

Did You Know About the Secret Service’s Origins?

Despite its association with presidential protection today, the US Secret Service was created primarily to deal with counterfeit currency. Its dual mission showcases the agency's flexibility and adaptability in response to the nation’s needs.

Additional Resources

Recommended Reading on the US Secret Service

For those interested in exploring the history and evolution of the US Secret Service further, consider reading “The Secret Service: The Hidden History of an Enigmatic Agency” by Philip Melanson or “The President’s Secret Service: Behind the Scenes with Agents in the Line of Fire and the Presidents They Protect” by Ronald Kessler. These works provide insight into both the agency's history and its contemporary functions.