King James II: The Last Catholic Monarch
King James II's Reign
King James II ascended to the throne in 1685, following the death of his brother Charles II. His rule was marked by significant religious tension, as he was a fervent Catholic in a predominantly Protestant nation, which caused great unrest among his subjects.
Controversial Policies of King James II
During his reign, James II attempted to promote Catholicism and grant religious freedom to Catholics. This included appointing Catholics to high offices and attempting to relax the laws against Catholics, which upset many in Parliament and the general populace, leading to mounting opposition.
The Glorious Revolution: James II's Downfall
The Invasion of William of Orange
In June 1688, Protestant nobles invited William of Orange, the leader of Dutch Protestantism, to invade England and restore Protestantism. William landed in England in November and quickly garnered support from the English people.
James II's Flight to France
As the crisis escalated, King James II fled the throne on December 11, 1688. Believing he would be met with violence, he made a hasty escape to France, marking the end of his reign. His flight was a pivotal moment in the Glorious Revolution, which ultimately led to the establishment of constitutional monarchy.
Fun Fact
Did You Know?
King James II’s flight was so sudden that he reportedly left behind the Great Seal of England, which was a significant symbol of his authority as monarch.
Additional Resources
Recommended Reading on King James II
For those interested in learning more about King James II and this period in British history, consider reading “The Glorious Revolution: 1688 – Britain’s Fight for Liberty” and “James II: The Last Catholic King”.
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