The German Occupation of Danzig in 1939

The Prelude to Conflict: German Troops in Danzig

The movement of German troops into Danzig in 1939 marked a significant moment in the lead-up to World War II. The city, located on the Baltic Sea, had been a focal point of tensions between Germany and Poland since the end of World War I. Following the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, Danzig was declared a Free City, which meant that it was governed by the League of Nations but had a significant German population.

The German Claim to Danzig

Germany's interest in Danzig was fueled by the rise of National Socialism, led by Adolf Hitler, who aimed to expand German territory and assert dominance over regions with ethnic German populations. The city’s strategic location and industrial capabilities made it a prime target. Hitler’s assertion that Danzig was historically and ethnically German provided a justification for his aggressive actions.

The Political Maneuvering

Prior to the military incursion, there were intense diplomatic negotiations and provocations. Germany sought to revise the post-World War I borders to include Danzig, while Poland remained adamant about its sovereignty. The situation escalated as Germany demanded the right to access Danzig and establish a highway through Polish territory to connect East Prussia with mainland Germany.

The Invasion and Immediate Consequences

On September 1, 1939, the occupation of Danzig was complete, setting off alarm bells internationally. This event is considered one of the key provocations that ultimately led to the declaration of war on Germany by France and the United Kingdom.

The Fall of Danzig

The invasion of Poland was swift and brutal, with Danzig being one of the first locations overtaken by the Wehrmacht. The German military action was characterized by Blitzkrieg tactics, overwhelming Polish defenses. The fall of Danzig also showcased the effectiveness of Nazi military strategy, utilizing rapid assaults and air superiority.

The Global Reaction

The invasion not only sparked the outbreak of World War II but also revealed the failures of the League of Nations and the ineffectiveness of previous attempts to promote peace and prevent aggression in Europe. Nations worldwide were forced to confront the implications of unchecked totalitarian regimes, leading to widespread military alliances and conflict.

Fun Fact

Danzig’s Cultural Significance

Before the war, Danzig, known for its beautiful gothic architecture and rich cultural heritage, was a significant port city; many significant cultural and economic exchanges took place here, reflecting a vibrant blend of Polish and German influences.

Additional Resources

Recommended Reading on Danzig and World War II

For those interested in further exploring the history surrounding Danzig, consider books like "The Second World War" by Winston S. Churchill and "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich" by William L. Shirer. These works provide deeper insights into the historical context and consequences of events like the German occupation of Danzig.