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The Life and Reign of Commodus, Emperor of Rome

The Life and Reign of Commodus, Emperor of Rome

Commodus: The Controversial Emperor of Rome

Born in 161 AD in Lanuvium, Italy, Commodus rose to power as the Emperor of Rome in 180 AD. His reign, lasting until 192 AD, was marked by grandiosity, erratic behavior, and significant political turmoil. Initially seen as a possible hero who would follow the enlightened rule of his father, *Marcus Aurelius*, Commodus quickly proved to be a contentious figure in Roman history.

Early Life of Commodus

The son of Emperor *Marcus Aurelius* and his wife, *Faustina the Younger*, Commodus was raised in a world of power and privilege. His education included training in rhetoric and philosophy, a legacy of his father's Stoic beliefs. However, these early lessons failed to shape him into the philosopher-king his father envisioned, ultimately leading him down a path marked by excess.

Becoming Emperor: Commodus' Ascendancy

After the death of *Marcus Aurelius*, Commodus became co-emperor at the young age of 18. His initial intentions seemed promising as he attempted to uphold his father's policies. Nonetheless, as time progressed, he sought to distance himself from the Stoic ideals of his father and began indulging in lavish pursuits and public spectacles, including gladiatorial combat.

Commodus' Civil and Military Policies

Commodus' reign saw increasing instability in the Roman Empire. His leadership was characterized by a deteriorating political landscape, marked by purges of his political rivals and erratic military decisions. Commodus often favored ruthless general *Pertinax* and engaged in extravagant military campaigns that drained the empire’s resources.

Commodus and the Gladiators

One of the most infamous aspects of *Commodus*' reign was his obsession with gladiatorial glory. He did not merely watch the spectacles; he participated in them, portraying himself as the reincarnation of Hercules. This behavior scandalized traditional Romans but also captivated many common citizens who reveled in the entertainment provided by their emperor.

The Decline of Commodus' Power

As Commodus became more tyrannical, dissatisfaction grew among the elite and military leaders. His whims led to economic decline and civil instability, ultimately culminating in a conspiracy against him. His reign ended violently as he was assassinated in 192 AD, marking a significant transition period in Roman history known as the “Year of the Five Emperors.”

Fun Fact

Commodus’ Unique Equestrian Elan

One interesting fact about *Commodus* is that he once declared himself to be the god of the sun and held a festival wherein he amply displayed his prowess and might by wrestling and performing in the arena, which was an imperial fantasy turned reality.

Additional Resources

Recommended Reading on Commodus

For those interested in exploring more about this intriguing historical figure, consider reading “The Twelve Caesars” by Suetonius, which offers insights into the complexities of *Commodus*' reign. Another great resource is “The Fall of the Roman Empire” by Peter Heather, which outlines the chaotic period following his rule.