What happened today in history?

2024 Jacoby Jones, American football wide receiver (Super Bowl XLVII, First-team All-Pro, Pro Bowl 2012 Baltimore Ravens), dies at 40

In 2024, the music world mourned the loss of Sarah Gibson, a talented pianist and composer known for her work 'warp & weft'. She died of colon cancer at the age of 38, leaving behind a legacy of innovative compositions and inspiration for future generations.

2023 Nick Benedict, American actor (Days of Our Lives, 1993-2001 - "Curtis"; The Pistol: Birth of a Legend; All My Children - "Phillip"), dies from complications of spinal surgery on his 77th birthday

2022 Erica Pedretti (née Schefter), Moravian-Swiss writer (Engste Heimat), and sculptor, dies at 92

2022 Ivana Trump (née Zelníčková), Czech-American model and ex-wife of Donald Trump (1st Wives Club), dies after a fall inside her Manhattan apartment at 73

Ken Kennedy, the legendary Irish rugby union hooker, passed away at 81. Known for his impressive 45 Tests with Ireland and four tours with the British & Irish Lions, Kennedy's legacy continues to inspire rugby enthusiasts worldwide.

Pleun Strik, a celebrated Dutch soccer defender, passed away at 78. Renowned for his 8 caps and being part of the FIFA World Cup 1974 runner-up squad, his legacy includes 270 games with PSV Eindhoven. A true legend of the game, Strik leaves behind a remarkable impact.

William Hart, American soul singer and songwriter famous for his work with the Delfonics, passed away on March 14, 2022, at the age of 77 due to surgery complications. He left a legacy with timeless hits like 'Didn't I (Blow Your Mind This Time)' and 'La-La Means I Love You.'

Jeff Labar, the celebrated guitarist from Cinderella known for hits like "Nobody's Fool," passed away at 58 on July 14, 2021. His work solidified his legacy as a glam rock icon, leaving a lasting impact in the music world.

Ron de Lugo, the first delegate from the U.S. Virgin Islands to the U.S. House of Representatives, passed away at the age of 89 in 2020. His political legacy and contributions to his community are remembered and celebrated, highlighting the importance of representation from U.S. territories.

Pernell Whitaker, a renowned American boxer and Olympic gold medalist, tragically died after being hit by a vehicle in 2019. His legacy as a four-division world champion continues to inspire future generations in the sport.

Maryam Mirzakhani, an acclaimed Iranian mathematician and the first woman to receive the Fields Medal, died of breast cancer at the age of 40 in 2017, leaving behind a remarkable legacy in mathematics that continues to inspire future generations.

Prunella Briance, the founder of the National Childbirth Trust, passed away at 91 in 2017, leaving a profound legacy in maternal health and education. Her work transformed childbirth experiences for countless families across the UK.

Alice Coachman, the first African American woman to win an Olympic gold medal, died of cardiac arrest at 90. Her legacy as a pioneer in women's sports inspires future generations. Coachman's historic victory in high jump at the 1948 Olympics opened doors for many female athletes.

Matt Batts, an esteemed MLB player known for his exceptional skills as a catcher, passed away in 2013 at the age of 91. His legacy endures through the impact he made on future generations of baseball players and fans alike.

Sixten Jernberg, a legendary Swedish skier, passed away at 83 in 2012. Known for his Olympic medals and groundbreaking influence in cross-country skiing, his legacy continues to inspire athletes worldwide.

2010 Bengt Emil Johnson, Swedish author and composer, dies at 73

Charles Mackerras, the acclaimed Australian conductor, passed away on July 2, 2010, at 84 due to cancer. His legacy in classical music is marked by his unique interpretations and contributions to the orchestral world.

Gene Ludwig, an influential American jazz and R&B Hammond B-3 organist, passed away at 72 in 2010. His collaborations with legends and his unique style have solidified his legacy in the world of music.

Mădălina Manole, a celebrated Romanian pop artist born in 1967, tragically passed away in 2010. Her life and music continue to resonate, highlighting her influence on Romanian culture and the importance of mental health awareness.

Phyllis Gotlieb, a renowned Canadian sci-fi novelist known for her impactful works like 'Sunburst', passed away in 2009 at the age of 83. Her legacy in the science fiction genre remains a testament to her creativity and enduring influence.

Zbigniew Zapasiewicz, a prominent Polish actor, passed away in 2009. Renowned for his impactful performances in theatre and film, his legacy continues to inspire future generations of artists.

2008 Bryan Cowgill, British broadcasting executive (BBC, 1963-77; Thames Television, 1977-85), dies at 81

Henki Kolstad, a renowned Norwegian actor born in 1915, passed away in 2008. Celebrated for his versatile performances, he left a significant mark on Norway's cinematic landscape with a legacy that continues to inspire future generations.

Hugh Lloyd, a beloved British actor known for his roles in 'Hugh and I' and 'Punch & Judy Man', passed away on June 11, 2008, at the age of 85. His contributions greatly shaped British comedy and television, leaving a lasting legacy.

John Ferguson Sr., the Canadian hockey player famous for his role in the Montreal Canadiens, passed away in 2007 at 68. Known for his tough playing style and leadership, Ferguson's legacy endures in the world of hockey.

Dorothy Bolden, a civil and women's rights activist, and founder of the National Domestic Workers' Union, passed away in 2005 at the age of 81. She dedicated her life to advocating for the rights of domestic workers, leaving a lasting legacy in the fight for justice and dignity in the workplace.

2005 Joe Harnell, American musician, composer and arranger, dies at 80

Frank Austin, the revered English footballer, died in October 2004 at the age of 71. Remembered for his exceptional skills, Austin's legacy in football continues to inspire new generations. His contributions to the sport are celebrated and honored by fans and players alike.

Éva Janikovszky, a renowned Hungarian novelist, passed away in 2003. Her impactful works explored themes of childhood and human behavior, earning her a beloved place in literature. Discover her legacy and contributions to storytelling.

François-Albert Angers (1909-2003) was a notable French Canadian economist, recognized for his influential work in economics, particularly in Quebec. His legacy continues to inspire future generations in the field of economic policy and education.

Carlos Fariñas, the renowned Cuban avant-garde composer, passed away in 2002 at the age of 67. Celebrated for his innovative contributions to music, his legacy continues to influence generations of musicians in Cuba and beyond.

Joaquín Balaguer, a dominant figure in Dominican politics, served as president multiple times from 1960 to 1996. His death in 2002 at age 95 marked the end of a significant era in the Dominican Republic's political history, leaving behind a complex legacy.

Meredith MacRae, an American actress known for her roles in 'Petticoat Junction' and 'My Three Sons', passed away due to brain cancer at the age of 55. Her legacy continues to inspire fans through her iconic television performances and philanthropic work.

2000 René Ríos Boettiger, Chilean cartoonist (b. 1911)

William Roscoe Estep, an influential American Baptist historian, passed away in 2000. His insights into Baptist history and the Anabaptist movement have left a lasting impact on the study of religious heritage.

Gar Samuelson, renowned American drummer for Megadeth, passed away on July 22, 1999, due to liver failure at the age of 41. His innovative drumming style left a significant impact on the heavy metal scene.

Beryl Bryden, a celebrated British jazz and blues singer and washboard player, passed away in 1998 at the age of 78. Known for her unique style and energetic performances, she left a lasting legacy in the world of jazz music.

Richard McDonald, an American fast food pioneer and co-founder of McDonald's, passed away at the age of 89 in 1998. His innovative approach to quick service transformed the dining landscape, leaving an enduring legacy in the fast food industry.

1998 Robert A. W. Lowndes, American sci-fi author and editor of "Future Science Fiction", dies at 81

Jeff Krosnoff, an American CART driver, tragically died in a racing accident on July 14, 1996, at the age of 31. His untimely death sent shockwaves through the motorsport community, sparking discussions on racing safety and his lasting legacy in the sport.

Kenneth Bainbridge, a pivotal American physicist known for his work in nuclear physics and measurements of mass differences between isotopes, died at the age of 91 in 1996. His contributions significantly influenced the field, leaving a lasting legacy in science.

1996 Kim Besly, British Peace activist (Greenham Common), dies at 69

Michael Naylor, an influential English insurance broker and founder of Endsleigh Insurance, passed away in 1995 at the age of 59. His contributions significantly shaped the insurance landscape, particularly for young adults and students, leaving a lasting legacy in the industry.

Patrick Crommelynck, a Belgian pianist and part of Duo Crommelynck, tragically committed suicide in 1994 at the age of 49, leaving a notable impact in the classical music scene and highlighting the importance of mental health awareness among artists.

Robert Jungk, renowned Austrian journalist and philosopher, passed away in 1994. Best known for his influential work 'Nuclear State', he critically addressed the moral and societal implications of nuclear energy, advocating for ethical discourse in technology.

In 1994, Taeko Kuwata, a talented Japanese Belgian pianist and member of Duo Crommelynck, tragically committed suicide at the age of 47. Her legacy in classical music continues to inspire many even after her untimely death.

1994 William D. Revelli, American bandleader, dies at 92

Robert Strong, an influential American actor, passed away on December 5, 1993, at the age of 87. His rich career spanned several decades, leaving an indelible mark on both theater and cinema. Remembered for his charisma and depth, Strong’s legacy continues to inspire actors today.

Dallas Alinder, an American actor born in 1932, captivated audiences with his performances until his tragic death at age 58 in 1990. His legacy continues to inspire today's artists, reflecting the enduring impact of his work across theater and film.

Philip Leacock, an influential English director and producer, passed away on March 5, 1990, at the age of 73 due to collapsed lungs, leaving behind a legacy of remarkable films and television series that continue to inspire filmmakers today.

1989 Frank Bell, British educator and founder of The Bell Educational Trust Limited, dies at 72

Herman D. Koppel, celebrated Danish pianist and composer, died in 1989 at 89 years old. His innovative works have influenced generations of musicians, making him a key figure in classical music.

Whitey Witt, an American baseball player who played for the New York Yankees from 1922 to 1925, passed away in 1988 at the age of 92. His legacy remains an integral part of Yankees history and sports culture.

Raymond Loewy, a pioneering industrial designer renowned for his innovative and iconic designs, passed away in 1986 at the age of 92. His work transformed industrial design, influencing countless products and companies. His legacy continues to inspire modern design today.

Al Schacht, known as the Clown Prince of Baseball, passed away in 1984 at the age of 91. His legacy as a humorous player and entertainer continues to resonate in the world of baseball, celebrating his unique contributions to the sport.

Ernest Tidyman, the acclaimed author and screenwriter known for 'Shaft' and 'The French Connection,' passed away on January 1, 1984, at 56. His impactful storytelling and well-defined characters continue to influence filmmakers and writers today.

Kenny Delmar, an influential American comedian known for his work on 'School House', passed away in 1984 at the age of 74. His contributions to comedy and distinctive voice endeared him to audiences, leaving a lasting legacy.

Philippe Wynne, a renowned soul singer known for his work with the Spinners and the hit 'I'll Be Around,' tragically passed away from a heart attack in 1984 at the age of 43, leaving behind a rich musical legacy.

Siegfried Köhler, a prominent German composer known for 'Tausend Sterne sind ein Dom', passed away in 1984 at the age of 57. His innovative works and teaching continued to influence contemporary music long after his death.

Arnout Colnot, the esteemed Dutch painter and graphic artist, passed away in 1983 at the age of 96. His extensive career and unique artistic contributions left a significant mark on the art world, inspiring generations to explore their creative potential.

Jack MacBryan, an English cricketer and Olympic field hockey player, passed away in 1983 at the age of 90. Known for his unique dual career, he was a significant figure in both sports, leaving a lasting legacy in the sporting world.

George Tremblay, the renowned Canadian-American composer, passed away in 1982 at the age of 71. His innovative works across various genres left a lasting impact on the music community, and his legacy continues to inspire musicians worldwide.

Felix Berezin was a pivotal Russian physicist and mathematician renowned for his work on the Berezin integral. He passed away at 49, leaving a legacy that continues to influence mathematical physics and quantum mechanics today.

George De Witt, the beloved TV host of 'Name That Tune,' passed away at the age of 56 in 1979. His contributions to American television as an engaging personality transformed game shows, leaving a lasting impact on entertainment culture.

Madan Mohan, a talented music director known for his soulful compositions in Hindi films, passed away at the young age of 51 in 1975. His legacy of melodious music continues to inspire generations, marking an everlasting impact on the Indian music industry.

Arthur "Zutty" Singleton, the talented American jazz drummer known for his work with Louis Armstrong's Hot Five, passed away in 1975. His contributions to jazz are celebrated for their impact on the musical landscape.

General Carl Spaatz, a prominent World War II general and the first Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, died on July 14, 1974. His legacy in military aviation and strategy remains influential to this day.

Henri Smajda, a notable Tunisian French publisher known for Combat, tragically committed suicide in 1974 at the age of 77. His life and work continue to influence literature and discussions around mental health.

Preston Foster, an American actor known for his roles in 'Waterfront' and 'Gunslinger,' passed away at the age of 69 in 1970. His contributions to film and television left a lasting legacy that continues to inspire actors today.

Konstantin Georgiyevich Paustovsky, the celebrated Russian writer, passed away on August 14, 1968. Known for his masterful storytelling in works like Kara-Bugaz, his legacy continues to influence literature today.

Westbrook Van Voorhis, an influential American announcer for 'March of Time,' passed away in 1968. Known for his captivating voice and impactful storytelling, he left a lasting legacy in journalism and broadcasting.

Tudor Arghezi, a renowned Romanian writer born in 1880, passed away in 1967. Known for his rich language and profound themes, his literary contributions continue to influence Romanian culture, ensuring his legacy lives on.

Julie Manet, a talented French painter born in 1878 and the daughter of Berthe Morisot, passed away in 1966. Her contributions to Impressionism offer a unique perspective on the artistic movement, highlighting her legacy in the art world.

Maurice de Broglie, a pioneering physicist known for his work in X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy, passed away at the age of 85 in 1960. His contributions significantly impacted quantum mechanics and physics as a whole.

Grock, the beloved Swiss clown and circus director, passed away on July 14, 1959, at the age of 79. His legacy as a performer and innovator in clowning continues to inspire laughter and joy in audiences worldwide.

In 1958, Crown Prince 'Abd al-Ilah of Iraq was assassinated during a revolution that ended the monarchy in Iraq. His death marked a significant turning point in Iraqi history, leading to the establishment of a republic.

King Faisal II of Iraq was assassinated during a revolution in Baghdad in 1958, ending a 19-year reign. His tragic death at the young age of 23 marked a significant turning point in Iraq's history, as the monarchy collapsed and a new political era began.

1958 René Guillou, French organist and composer (L'Autre mère), dies at 55

Jaroslav Řídký, a prominent Czech composer, passed away at the age of 58 in 1956. His impactful contributions to music remain celebrated, blending traditional Czech elements with modern styles, inspiring generations of musicians and audiences alike.

Jacinto Benavente y Martinez, a celebrated Spanish playwright and Nobel laureate, passed away in 1954 at the age of 87. His influential works and sharp social commentary shaped Spanish theatre, leaving a lasting legacy in literature.

Jackie Saunders was an American silent screen actress born in 1892, known for her captivating performances in early cinema. Her legacy lives on despite her passing in 1954, as she paved the way for future generations of female performers.

Richard von Mises, an influential Austrian scientist and mathematician, passed away in 1953. Renowned for his work in probability theory and engineering, his legacy continues to impact modern statistics and mathematics.

Sammy Jones was an Australian cricket batsman who played 12 Test matches during his career. After a life dedicated to the sport, he passed away in 1951, leaving a rich legacy that continues to inspire future cricketers.

Āpirana Ngata, a significant Māori politician and advocate for Māori culture, passed away in 1950 at the age of 76. His death marked a pivotal moment in New Zealand's history, as he dedicated his life to promoting Māori rights and preserving the Māori language.

Frank Hearne, a distinguished English cricket batsman, passed away at age 90 in 1949. A prominent player for Kent and Western Province, he represented England and South Africa in Test cricket, leaving a lasting legacy in the sport.

Johannes "Frits" Bakker Sr., a celebrated Dutch actor, passed away at the age of 74 in 1943. His impactful career in film and theater left a lasting legacy in Dutch cinema, inspiring generations of performers with his versatile acting abilities.

Neel Doff, a significant Belgian writer known for her poignant work 'Days of Hunger and Distress,' passed away in 1942 at 84, leaving a lasting legacy of empathetic storytelling and a voice for the marginalized.

Bill Howell was an Australian cricket legend, known for his stellar medium pace bowling. Over his career, he played 18 Test matches for Australia, taking 49 wickets. Howell passed away in 1940, leaving a lasting legacy in the world of cricket.

Alphonse Mucha, a renowned Czech Art Nouveau painter, passed away in 1939. His unique style and iconic works continue to influence artists and captivate audiences worldwide. Delve into the life, artistry, and lasting impact of Mucha on the world of art.

In 1938, Robert Poore, a British cricket batsman who played in the 1895-96 Test series against South Africa, passed away at the age of 72. His early contributions greatly influenced cricket history, making him a celebrated figure in the sport.

1930 William Hare Ashley, South African cricketer (Test South Africa, 7 wkts), dies at 68

Pancho Villa, the Filipino boxing champion, tragically died at the young age of 23 in 1925. Known for his explosive fighting style and groundbreaking achievements, Villa's legacy continues to inspire future generations of athletes.

Louis Ganne, a French conductor and operetta composer known for 'Les Saltimbanques,' passed away in 1923. His work, characterized by lively melodies and captivating narratives, left a lasting impact on the operetta genre.

Quentin Roosevelt, the youngest son of Theodore Roosevelt, was tragically killed in aerial combat on July 14, 1918, over France. His life as a brave pilot ended during World War I, marking a poignant moment in American history.

Octave Lapize, a renowned French cyclist and 1910 Tour de France winner, tragically died at 29 while serving as a fighter pilot in WWI. His death on July 14, 1917, marked a poignant moment in sports history, symbolizing the sacrifices made during the war.

William Mason, an influential American concert pianist and composer, died on November 10, 1908, at the age of 79. His exceptional contributions to classical music and his unique blend of American and European influences continue to resonate today.

William Perkin, an innovative English chemist known for discovering aniline dyes, passed away on July 14, 1907. His groundbreaking work in synthetic dyes transformed fashion and industry, leaving a lasting legacy.

William Still, a prominent African-American abolitionist and conductor of the Underground Railroad, died at the age of 80 in 1902. His dedication to aiding enslaved individuals and documenting their stories became a cornerstone of abolitionist efforts in America.

John Franklin Farnsworth, a significant American politician and Brigadier General in the Union Army, died in 1897. His contributions during the Civil War and later as a Congressman from Illinois shaped national policies and supported veterans' rights.

In 1895, Scottish composer Alexander Ewing, famous for "Jerusalem the Golden," passed away at 65. His contributions significantly influenced choral music in Scotland, leaving a lasting legacy celebrated in today's music.

In 1887, the notorious steel merchant and renowned arms manufacturer Alfred Krupp passed away at the age of 75, leaving a significant impact on the steel industry and military technology that shaped Germany's industrial landscape.

Thomas Hazlehurst, a dedicated English Methodist chapel builder, passed away in 1876 at the age of 60. His contributions to the Methodist community through exceptional architecture remain a legacy celebrated today.

Ferdinand David, a renowned German violinist and composer, passed away in 1873, leaving behind a lasting legacy in violin education with his influential work, 'Hohe Schule des Violinspiels'. His contributions to classical music continue to inspire musicians today.

August Neander, a notable German theologian, passed away on August 14, 1850. His profound contributions to Christian thought and church history continue to impact the field of theology today.

Edmond Charles Genêt, a pivotal French ambassador to the U.S. during the tumultuous times of the French Revolution, died in 1834. His legacy highlights the complex interplay between early American diplomacy and revolutionary ideals.

1830 Anthony van Haersolte, Dutch politician and member of Napoleonic Batavian Republic executive body, dies at 73

Augustin-Jean Fresnel, a pioneering French physicist known for his wave theory of light and invention of the Fresnel lens, passed away due to tuberculosis in 1827 at the age of 39. His contributions revolutionized optics and lighthouse technology, leaving a lasting legacy in the field.

Madame de Staël, a prominent French-Swiss author and intellectual, died at the age of 51 in 1817. Known for her influential work 'De l’Allemagne', she left a profound legacy in literature and cultural thought.

1816 Francisco de Miranda, Venezuela freedom fighter, dies at 66

Christian G. Heyne, a respected German scholar and archaeologist, died at 82 in 1812. His significant contributions to classical studies and innovative archaeological methods left a lasting impact on academia, influencing generations beyond his time.

Esteban Salas y Castro, a renowned Cuban composer, died in 1803 at 77. His contributions to sacred music and the blending of Afro-Cuban rhythms with European styles played a key role in Cuba's musical development, influencing generations to come.

Jacques Cathelineau, a valiant French royalist leader, died in 1793 during the Battle of Cholet. His heroism in the Vendée uprisings against revolutionary forces left a lasting legacy and inspired fervent loyalty among his followers, symbolizing resistance during tumultuous times.

The death of Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon in 1790, an Austrian field marshal, marked the end of an influential military career known for innovative strategies during critical wars. His legacy continues to impact military studies today.

The storming of the Bastille in 1789 resulted in the murder of its governor, Bernard-René de Launay. This event marked a turning point in the French Revolution, symbolizing the end of royal tyranny and igniting further revolutionary fervor in France.

Jacques de Flesselles, the French provost, was shot and killed during the early days of the French Revolution in 1789. His death symbolizes the struggle against the old regime, reflecting the intense revolutionary fervor that characterized this transformative period in France.

Johann Gottfried Müthel, a prominent German keyboard virtuoso and composer, passed away at the age of 60 in 1788. His contributions to the music world, particularly in keyboard compositions, deeply influenced the transition from baroque to classical music.

Learn about Charles Batteux, a French philosopher whose revolutionary ideas on aesthetics left a lasting impact on the philosophy and criticism of art before his death in 1780.

George Ross, a key figure in American independence and a signer of the Declaration of Independence, died on January 14, 1779. His contributions to law and governance left a lasting legacy.

James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley and Kilmaine, a prominent British field marshal, passed away on April 14, 1774. His military legacy shaped British strategies and leadership during critical conflicts of the 18th century.

David 't Kindt, a prominent Flemish architect known for his notable contributions to Ghent's architectural landscape, passed away in 1770 at the age of 71. His work, particularly the Mammelokker, reflects the rich architectural heritage of the time.

František Maxmilián Kaňka, a celebrated Czech architect, passed away in 1766 at the age of 91. His contributions to Baroque architecture and urban development helped shape the Czech Republic's cultural landscapes, leaving a legacy that endures today.

Cornelis Hop, an influential regent and diplomat of Amsterdam, passed away in 1762 at the age of 77. His career marked significant contributions to the political landscape of the Dutch Republic, and his legacy continues to influence the region's history.

Immanuel J. Pyra, a German poet known for his work 'Temple of True Poetry', tragically died at the young age of 28 in 1744. His contributions to literature resonate today, reflecting the struggles of his era and the ongoing human quest for authentic expression.

In 1742, Richard Bentley, an English classical scholar renowned for initiating the first written examinations in the West, passed away at the age of 80. His contributions significantly impacted academic assessment and classical scholarship, leaving a lasting legacy in education.

Claude Fleury, an influential French priest and historian, died in 1723 at the age of 82. His works significantly shaped the understanding of ecclesiastical history, bridging the realms of history and theology.

1671 Méric Casaubon, French-English classical scholar (1st to translate Marcus Aurelius into English), dies at 71

Camillus de Lellis, an Italian Roman Catholic saint and founder of the Ministers of the Sick, died in 1614 at age 64, leaving a legacy of compassion and holistic healthcare that continues to influence the medical field today.

Richard Taverner, an English Bible translator known for Taverner's Bible, made significant contributions to accessible Scripture during the Reformation. He passed away in 1575, leaving a lasting legacy on biblical translation.

Margaret of Denmark, the Queen of Scotland and wife to James III, passed away from illness at the age of 30 in 1486. Her death was a substantial loss influencing both royal dynamics and political landscapes in Scotland.

In 1298, Jacob de Voragine, an influential Italian bishop and writer of the Golden Legend, passed away, leaving behind a legacy that shaped Christian storytelling and the lives of saints in medieval Europe.

King Philip II of France, known for expanding and centralizing power in France, died on July 14, 1223. His life and reign significantly shaped medieval France and its political landscape. His legacy continues to be studied for its impact on subsequent generations.

In 937, Arnulf 'the Bad', Duke of Bavaria, showcased his military prowess by successfully defending against Hungarian invaders. This event significantly influenced both his legacy and Bavaria's history amid rising external threats.

664 Deusdedit of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury (655-664), 1st Anglo-Saxon Archbishop of Canterbury