What happened today in history?

Gary Colson, a revered college basketball coach known for his work at Valdosta State, Pepperdine, New Mexico, and Fresno State, passed away at the age of 89 in 2023. His dedication to coaching and player development left a lasting impression on the sport.

Benoît Dauga, a celebrated French rugby union lock, passed away at 80 in 2022. Known for his 63 caps for the French national team and contributions to Stade Montois, his legacy continues to inspire budding rugby players around the world.

Igor Sypniewski, a Polish soccer forward who played for clubs like ŁKS Łódź and Panathinaikos, tragically died at 47 due to depression and alcoholism. His story highlights the importance of mental health awareness in sports.

Ray Guy, a legendary NFL punter and Hall of Famer, passed away at 72 from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Known for re-defining the punting position, his contributions to football are celebrated and remembered.

2022 Siegfried Stritzl, American soccer midfielder (11 caps; NY Cosmos; NASL Rookie of the Year 1969), dies at 78

Wang Tao, a prominent Chinese soccer striker and founder of BSU FC, tragically passed away at the age of 52 in 2022. Renowned for his time with Dalian Wanda FC, his legacy continues to inspire future generations of soccer players.

2021 Warren Powers, American football running back (Oakland Raiders) and coach (Washington State University 1977, University of Missouri 1978-84), dies from Alzheimers at 80

Don Talbot, a renowned swimming coach and administrator who led national teams in Australia, Canada, and the USA, passed away in 2020 due to complications from dementia at the age of 87, leaving a profound legacy in the sport.

Yvette Lundy, a pivotal figure in the French Resistance during WWII, passed away in 2019 at the age of 103. Her life was marked by bravery and an unwavering commitment to justice, inspiring generations to stand firm against oppression.

Sondra Locke, an acclaimed actress and director known for her roles in 'The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter' and 'Willard', passed away on November 3, 2018, at the age of 74 from a heart attack after battling breast and bone cancer.

Abdur Rahman Biswas, the President of Bangladesh from 1991-1996, passed away at the age of 91 in 2017. His tenure was marked by significant efforts to promote democracy and stability in Bangladesh, leaving a lasting legacy in the nation's political landscape.

Kay Starr, the legendary American pop singer known for hits like 'Wheel of Fortune', passed away at the age of 94 in 2016. Her vibrant career and influence in music leave a lasting legacy.

Ahmed Chalabi, the influential Iraqi politician instrumental in the 2003 invasion of Iraq, passed away in 2015. His life was marked by controversy and significant ties to U.S. policy in the region.

2015 Howard Coble, American politician (Rep-R-NC, 1985-2015), dies at 84

Tom Graveney, an iconic England cricket batsman, passed away in 2015 at the age of 88 due to Parkinson's disease. His remarkable contributions to cricket include 79 Test matches and a top score of 258, leaving behind a lasting legacy.

Gordon Tullock, a significant figure in economics known for public choice theory, passed away in 2014 at the age of 92. His work profoundly influenced the fields of economics and political science, creating lasting legacies through his teachings and writings.

Gerard Cieślik, a renowned Polish soccer striker and manager, passed away in December 2013. With 45 caps and 27 goals for Poland and a storied career at Ruch Chorzów, he left an indelible mark on soccer in Poland. His legacy continues to inspire future generations.

Tommy Godwin, the iconic British track cyclist and two-time Olympic bronze medalist, passed away in 2012 at the age of 91. A dedicated coach and president of the British Cycling Federation, his impact on cycling history remains profound.

Matty Alou, the Dominican baseball icon and NL batting champion of 1966, passed away in 2011 due to diabetes complications at the age of 72. His legacy in MLB lives on, inspiring many upcoming ballplayers from the Dominican Republic.

Cecil Hotep Idris Galeta, a renowned South African jazz pianist, composer, and educator, passed away at 69 in 2010 due to an asthma attack, leaving behind a rich legacy in the world of jazz.

Jim Clench, the talented Canadian bassist and songwriter known for his work with April Wine and Bachman-Turner Overdrive, passed away from lung cancer in 2010 at the age of 61, leaving behind a rich musical legacy.

Jerry Bock, renowned composer of 'Fiddler on the Roof', passed away in 2010. His contributions to Broadway forever changed the landscape of musical theatre, blending tradition with modern themes.

Viktor Chernomyrdin, the prominent Russian politician and Prime Minister, passed away on November 3, 2010, at the age of 72. His life was marked by significant contributions to Russia's political landscape during times of economic transition.

Francisco Ayala, the iconic Spanish novelist, passed away in 2009 at the age of 103, marking a significant loss in Spanish literature. His works continue to impact readers, showcasing his profound insights into human nature and society.

Alan Ford, an American swimmer and Olympic silver medalist, passed away in 2008 at the age of 84 due to emphysema. Renowned for his world record in the 100m freestyle, his legacy continues to inspire swimmers today.

Jean Fournet, a prominent French conductor known for his work with the Rotterdam Philharmonic and Tokyo Metropolitan Orchestra, passed away in 2008 at the age of 95. His musical legacy continues to inspire musicians worldwide.

Martin Meehan, born in 1945 in County Antrim, was a notable Irish republican activist known for his involvement with the IRA. His legacy includes a significant role in advocating for Irish unity until his passing in 2007.

Alberto Spencer, an Ecuadorian soccer forward renowned for his remarkable goal-scoring in the Copa Libertadores, died of heart failure in 2006 at the age of 68. His legacy as a legendary player continues to inspire future generations.

Marie Rudisill, known as the 'Fruitcake Lady', passed away in 2006. A cherished American author, she brought joy to many through her vibrant fruitcake recipes and storytelling on television. Her legacy continues to inspire cooks today.

Paul Mauriat, the famous French easy listening orchestra leader known for his hit 'Love Is Blue', passed away on May 3, 2006, at the age of 81, leaving behind a rich musical legacy that continues to influence artists and delight fans worldwide.

2004 Joe Bushkin, American jazz pianist (Bunny Berigan; Tommy Dorsey; Bing Crosby), composer ("Oh! Look At Me Now"), and TV host (A Couple of Joes), dies of pneumonia at 87

2003 Rasul Gamzatov, Russian poet (Zhuravli), dies at 80

Lonnie Donegan, the 'King of Skiffle,' known for hits like 'Rock Island Line,' passed away in 2002 due to a heart attack. His influence shaped British music and inspired future rock legends, leaving a lasting legacy in the industry.

John Habakkuk, a respected Welsh economic historian and Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University, passed away in 2002 at the age of 87. His influential work on economic history, particularly regarding the Industrial Revolution, left an indelible mark on the field.

2002 Jonathan Harris [Charasuchin], American stage and screen character actor (The Bill Dana Show - "Mr. Phillips"; Lost In Space - "Dr Zachary Smith"), dies at 87

Ernst Gombrich, the influential Austrian-English art historian known for his work 'The Story of Art,' passed away in 2001 at the age of 92. His contributions shaped modern art history and continue to inspire generations of scholars and art lovers.

2001 Thomas Brasch, German writer and film director, dies at 56

Robert Sherlaw Johnson, a renowned British composer and pianist, passed away in 2000 at the age of 68. His profound impact on contemporary music and education, alongside his passion for campanology, left a lasting legacy in the music community.

Ian Bannen, the renowned Scottish character actor known for roles in films like 'Eye of the Needle' and 'Gorky Park', tragically died in a car crash at the age of 71 in 1999, leaving behind a legacy of memorable performances.

Bob Kane, the American comic artist and co-creator of Batman, passed away at the age of 83 in 1998. His contributions to the comic book industry, particularly his role in the creation of Batman, left an indelible mark on popular culture.

Martha O'Driscoll, a celebrated American actress and dancer known for films like 'Young and Willing' and 'Blonde Alibi', passed away in 1998 at the age of 76, leaving a legacy of charm and talent in Hollywood.

Wally Bruner, a notable American broadcast journalist and host of 'What's My Line?', passed away in 1997 at the age of 66. He left a lasting legacy in television journalism, known for his engaging storytelling and warm persona.

Abdullah Çatlı, a controversial Turkish nationalist and neofascist, died in 1996 under mysterious circumstances. His involvement with extremist groups and the controversial nature of his death left a lasting impact on Turkish nationalism.

Barry Porter, a British lawyer and Conservative politician, died at the age of 57 on February 18, 1996. He was remembered for his dedication to public service and his contributions to British politics through his role as an MP.

Bernard Frank, a prominent French oriental scholar and writer, passed away in 1996 at the age of 69. His scholarly contributions shaped the understanding of Eastern cultures in the West through his translations and advocacy for cross-cultural dialogue.

Eddie Pola, born as Sidney Edward Pollacsek, was a prominent American radio and TV producer and lyricist who passed away at 88. He is renowned for his classics such as 'The Most Wonderful Time of the Year' and 'I Love The Way You Say Goodnight', leaving a lasting impact on American music.

1995 Gordon S. Fahrni, Canadian physician and President of the Canadian Medical Association, dies at 108

Isang Yun, a renowned Korean-born German composer, passed away at 78 on November 3, 1995. His unique fusion of traditional Korean music with Western classical elements left a significant impact on modern music, reflecting his deep cultural roots and innovative spirit.

John Orchard, a talented British actor known for his roles in 'Capone' and 'M*A*S*H', passed away in 1995 at the age of 66. His work in film and television left a lasting impact, remembered affectionately by fans and colleagues alike.

1994 Dennis Ott, American actor (Star Trek 3/4), dies of AIDS at 36

Aidan Crawley, notable British journalist and Labour MP, passed away in 1993 at the age of 85, leaving a significant mark on both journalism and politics during his lifetime.

Duncan Gibbins, a talented director known for 'Fire With Fire', tragically died in a California fire at the age of 41 in 1993. His creative works left a lasting impact on the film industry, showcasing his storytelling prowess.

1993 John Lupton, American actor (Tom-Broken Arrow), dies at 65

Leon Theremin, the Russian inventor of the electronic theremin, passed away in 1993 at the age of 97. His innovative contributions to music technology continue to inspire musicians today.

1993 William Lanteau, actor (On Golden Pond), dies at 70

Jean Daskalides, celebrated Belgian chocolatier, passed away at 70, leaving a profound impact on the chocolate-making industry with his innovative techniques, quality, and passion for the craft.

John H. Davis, famed actor from 'Our Gang', died on February 28, 1992, at 78 due to respiratory failure. Known for his charming childhood performances, he remains a beloved figure in American film history.

Sashadhar Mukherjee, a prominent Indian film producer known for his significant contributions to Bengali cinema, died at the age of 81 in 1990. His films, including <strong>Jagrit</strong>, showcased innovative storytelling that influenced generations.

Valerie French, a talented British actress best known for her role in 'Jubal', passed away from leukemia at the age of 62 in 1990. Her contributions to film and theater remain cherished, and her legacy lives on through her performances.

Dorothy Fuldheim, the first woman to anchor a television news broadcast in the United States, passed away in 1989 at the age of 96. A respected journalist, she made significant contributions to the field at The Cleveland Press and WEWS-TV, leaving a lasting legacy in journalism.

Henri van Praag, a prominent Dutch para-psychologist known for his exploration of psychic phenomena, passed away on March 18, 1988. His contributions to the field of para-psychology continue to inspire exploration into the mysteries of the mind.

E. Cuyler Hammond, an influential American epidemiologist known for linking smoking to lung cancer, passed away in 1986 at the age of 74. His pioneering research greatly impacted public health and anti-smoking initiatives.

Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, a renowned American jazz saxophonist and bandleader, died of Hodgkin's lymphoma in 1986. His powerful sound and contributions to jazz, including performances with Count Basie, left a lasting legacy.

Alfredo Antonini, the esteemed Italian-American conductor and Emmy Award-winning composer, passed away during heart surgery on April 11, 1983, at the age of 82, leaving a rich legacy in the world of classical music.

Bob Scholte, the celebrated Dutch vocalist, passed away at 81 in 1983. Known for his emotional depth and cultural impact, Scholte left a remarkable legacy in the music world that continues to inspire future artists.

E. H. Carr, a prominent English historian known for his work on Soviet history, passed away in 1982 at the age of 90. His influential writings continue to shape the field of historiography, emphasizing the complexities of historical interpretation.

Jack Westland, a prominent American politician and golfer, passed away at 77 in 1982. He served in the US House of Representatives from 1953 to 1965 and was notably a participant in the 1952 US Amateur Championship.

Thérèse Casgrain was a groundbreaking French Canadian politician and senator who passed away in 1981 at the age of 85. She fiercely advocated for women's rights, significantly impacting Canadian politics and paving the way for future female leaders.

Hans Ruin, a notable Finnish Swedish-language historian and philosopher, passed away in 1980 at the age of 89. His works significantly advanced the understanding of Finnish history and philosophy, leaving a lasting legacy in academic circles.

Ludwig Hohl, a significant Swiss writer known for his deep philosophical themes, passed away on October 21, 1980, in Zurich, leaving a lasting imprint on literature.

Florence Vidor, an iconic American actress known for her roles in silent films and talkies, passed away at the age of 82 on February 3, 1977. Her contributions to Hollywood and influence on future actors are still remembered today.

William Kurelek, the celebrated Canadian artist and writer known for his works like The Maze and the Passion of Christ series, passed away in 1977 from cancer at the age of 50, leaving a profound legacy in the art world.

Arturo de Córdova, a celebrated Mexican actor renowned for his profound impact on cinema, tragically passed away from a stroke in 1973 at the age of 66. His legacy lives on through his remarkable roles and influence on future generations.

Marc Allégret, born in 1900 in Paris, was a pivotal French director and screenwriter who passed away in 1973. His influential films enriched French cinema, leaving a lasting legacy for future generations of filmmakers.

Étienne Gailly, a celebrated Belgian long-distance runner, known for his bronze medal at the 1948 Olympics, died at the age of 48 in 1971. His legacy continues to inspire athletes around the world.

Peter II Karadjordjevic, the last King of Yugoslavia, died in 1970 at the age of 57. His reign from 1934 to 1945 saw significant political challenges, including World War II and exile. He passed away in the United States, leaving behind a complex legacy.

Zeki Rıza Sporel, a prominent Turkish soccer striker known for his time with Fenerbahçe and national team contributions, passed away at 71 in 1969. His legacy in Turkish football endures, making him an icon of the sport.

Vern Stephens, an American baseball shortstop and 8-time MLB All-Star, passed away from a heart attack at the age of 48 in 1968. His remarkable contributions to the sport continue to inspire baseball fans and players alike.

Eric Spear, the British film and TV composer best known for the Coronation Street theme, passed away at the age of 58 in 1966. His musical legacy continues to resonate, influencing generations of composers in the television industry.

John Henry Barbee, the influential American blues guitarist and singer, passed away from a heart attack in 1964. His profound impact on the blues genre continues to resonate, inspiring countless musicians even today.

Bobby Wallace, a standout baseball player and Hall of Famer, passed away in 1960 at the age of 86. Celebrated for his career with the Cleveland Spiders and his management roles, Wallace’s legacy in baseball endures through his exceptional skills and contributions to the sport.

Harold Spencer Jones, an influential English astronomer, passed away in 1960 at age 70. Renowned for defining the astronomical unit, his groundbreaking work transformed our understanding of the distances in space and inspired future generations of astronomers.

Paul Willis, an American actor known for family films like 'The Little Lumberjack', left a lasting impact on the film industry. He passed away at 59 on January 31, 1960, but his legacy continues through his work.

Friedrich Niggli, a Swiss composer born in 1876, made significant contributions to music. He passed away in 1959 at the age of 83, leaving behind a rich legacy marked by works like 'Buechfinkeliedli' and 'Nach dem Regen'.

Harry Revel, a Latvian-American film score composer known for his work on films like 'Sitting Pretty' and 'Gay Divorcee', passed away in 1958 due to a cerebral hemorrhage at age 52, leaving a lasting impact on the film music landscape.

Wilhelm Reich, a prominent psychoanalyst known for coining the term "sexual revolution," died on November 3, 1957, at the age of 60. His innovative yet controversial ideas left a significant impact on psychology and the societal shifts of his time.

Solomon R. Guggenheim, an influential American businessman and art collector, passed away at the age of 88 in 1949. He left a lasting legacy through the Guggenheim Museum, which embodies his passion for modern art and philanthropy.

Alessandro Longo, an influential Italian composer and musicologist, passed away in 1945 at the age of 80. His significant contributions to music and musicology, along with his interest in Gregorian Chant, continue to inspire musicians and scholars today.

James Frederick Wagner, the father of Priscilla Presley, tragically died in a plane crash in 1945, leaving a lasting impact on his family and shaping the future of his daughter, who later became a prominent figure due to her marriage to Elvis Presley.

Jack Miner, a distinguished Canadian naturalist and conservationist, passed away in 1944. Founder of the Jack Miner Bird Sanctuary, his pioneering work in wildlife protection continues to inspire environmental efforts today.

Carl Sternheim, a notable German playwright known for works like 'Trousers' and 'Snob', died in 1942 at the age of 64, leaving behind a legacy that influenced future generations in the world of theatre.

Waldemar Lindgren was a Swedish-American geologist known for his work in economic geology and ore classification. He passed away in 1939, leaving a lasting legacy in the field of geology.

Winthrop Ames, an influential American theatrical director known for adapting Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, passed away in 1937. His innovative staging techniques significantly shaped modern theater, leaving a lasting legacy in the industry.

Filip Lazar, a renowned Romanian composer, passed away in 1936 at the age of 42. His work brilliantly blended traditional Romanian folk elements with contemporary styles, leaving a lasting impact on the country's musical heritage.

Rudolf Wilhelm Canne, a prominent Fries playwright known for his work 'Peaske', died at the age of 60 in 1931, leaving behind a profound legacy in the world of theatre that celebrated Frisian culture.

Olav Aukrust, a prominent Norwegian poet and advocate for Nynorsk, passed away due to tuberculosis in 1929 at the age of 46. His works continue to inspire, emphasizing the importance of linguistic heritage in literature.

Karel Matěj Čapek-Chod (1860-1927), a notable Czech journalist and author, made a significant impact on Czech literature and journalism. His work reflected societal issues and continues to inspire journalists today.

On November 30, 1919, Terauchi Masatake, the former Prime Minister of Japan, passed away at the age of 67. His military and political career profoundly influenced Japan's trajectory in the early 20th century.

Aleksandr Lyapunov, a renowned Russian mathematician known for the Lyapunov exponent, passed away in 1918 at the age of 61. His contributions to stability theory and dynamical systems profoundly impacted various scientific fields, leaving a lasting legacy in mathematics.

Léon Bloy, a prominent French novelist and essayist, passed away in 1917 at the age of 71. His writings profoundly influenced literature, exploring deep theological themes and challenging societal norms. His legacy continues to inspire authors today.

Georg Trakl, an impactful Austrian poet, died in 1914 at age 27 due to a cocaine overdose. His works deeply reflect his struggles with despair and are celebrated in literary circles today.

1913 Hans Bronsart von Schellendorf, Prussian pianist, composer and music director (Royal Theatre of Hanover, 1867-87), dies at 83

Salvador Giner y Vidal, a renowned Spanish composer, passed away in 1911 at the age of 79. His innovative fusion of traditional Spanish folk elements with classical music has left a lasting influence on the musical landscape of Spain.

Gaston Serpette, a prominent French composer known for his unique contributions to opera and chamber music, passed away in 1904 at the age of 57. His innovative style left a lasting mark on the music world.

Louis Lucien Bonaparte, a distinguished British-French philologist and nephew of Napoleon, passed away at the age of 78 in 1891. His significant contributions to philology and politics left a lasting legacy in language studies and cultural advocacy.

Ulrich Ochsenbein, a significant figure in Swiss politics, passed away in 1890. As a Federal Councilor, his contributions to transportation and education shaped modern Switzerland, and his legacy continues to inspire today.

Solon Robinson, a prominent American journalist and agriculturist, passed away in 1880 at the age of 77. Known for his work with the New York Tribune and his book 'Hot Corn,' he made significant contributions to journalism and agriculture during his lifetime.

Andreas Kalvos, the influential Greek poet, died in 1869 at the age of 77. Revered for his contributions to Greek Romantic poetry, his legacy continues to shape the literary landscape of Greece.

In 1867, Pieter J. Jong, a brave Dutch Zouave, lost his life in battle. He represents the courage and sacrifice of soldiers during tumultuous military conflicts, leaving a lasting legacy in military history.

Antonio Goncalves Dias, revered as Brazil's national poet, tragically died at sea in 1864. Known for his emotive poetry, his untimely death left an indelible mark on Brazilian literature and inspired future generations of writers.

Johan Gijsbert Verstolk van Soelen, a pivotal figure in Dutch politics, died in 1845 at 69. His contributions as the Minister of Foreign Affairs greatly influenced the Netherlands' diplomatic strategies during a critical time in European history.

Pietro Generali, an influential Italian composer, was born in Venice in 1773 and died in 1832 at 59. His contributions to opera and classical music have left a lasting impact on the musical landscape of Italy.

Theophilus Lindsey, a notable English theologian and clergyman, died on July 4, 1808, at the age of 85. His contributions to the Unitarian movement and advocacy for reason in faith left a lasting legacy in religious thought.

Henri Moreau, a celebrated Flemish composer, passed away in 1803 at the age of 75. His innovative musical contributions left a lasting impact on classical music, inspiring future generations. Moreau's legacy continues through his cherished compositions.

François-Joachim de Pierre de Bernis, a prominent French cardinal and statesman, died at 79 in 1794. A skilled diplomat, he navigated the complex political landscape of his time, leaving behind a significant legacy. His death marked a turning point in both church and state relations in revolutionary France.

Robert Lowth, the British Bishop and grammarian, passed away in 1787 at the age of 76. Best known for his work 'A Short Introduction to English Grammar,' his contributions shaped modern English grammar education.

Ferdinand Tobias Richter, an influential figure in Austrian Baroque music, passed away in 1711 at the age of 60. His compositions left a lasting impact on the music world, inspiring future generations and enriching the Baroque music repertoire.

This article discusses the life and death of John Ernest Grabe, a German-born Anglican theologian who passed away in 1711 at the age of 45, highlighting his contributions to Anglican theology and the impact of his writings.

Henriette Catharina van Nassau, a Dutch princess consort and daughter of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, passed away in 1708 at the age of 71. Her legacy continues through her contributions to her adopted principality and her influential lineage.

In 1652, the renowned Spanish painter Jusepe de Ribera, known as 'Lo Spagnoletto', passed away at the age of 61. His emotive style and mastery of light left a lasting legacy on the world of art.

1643 John Bainbridge, English astronomer (b. 1582)

Paul Guldin, the Swiss astronomer and mathematician known for the Guldinus theorem, passed away on April 11, 1643, at the age of 66, leaving behind a legacy in astronomy and mathematics that continues to inspire today.

Martinus de Porres, the Peruvian saint and advocate for social justice, died on November 3, 1639, at the age of 59. His life was marked by extraordinary compassion and service to the marginalized, leaving a lasting legacy of equality and care for both people and animals.

In 1600, Richard Hooker, an influential English theologian and defender of Anglicanism, passed away. His works, particularly 'Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity,' shaped the foundation for future theological discourse within the Church of England.

Saint Charles Borromeo, an influential Italian cardinal known for his reform efforts during the Counter-Reformation, died at the age of 46 in 1584. His legacy includes significant contributions to church education and pastoral care in Milan.

Jeronimo Zurita y Castro, a prominent Spanish historian born in 1512, is remembered for his significant contributions to historical literature, particularly for his work "Annales de la Corona de Aragon." He passed away in 1580, leaving a lasting legacy in the field of history.

Edmund Tudor, the 1st Earl of Richmond and a key figure in the Tudor lineage, died of the bubonic plague in Carmarthen Castle at the young age of 26 in 1456. His death ultimately set the stage for his son's rise to the throne, shaping English history significantly.

In 1428, the death of Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury, marked a significant moment in English military history. Mortally wounded in battle, Montacute's strategic brilliance and leadership shaped the era of the Hundred Years' War.

Jan II, the influential ruler of Polanen, Leck, and Breda, died on January 12, 1378. His leadership and the political implications of his death resonated through the region, raising questions about succession and stability among the territories he governed.

Adolf II de la Marck, the Prince-Bishop of Liege, signed the Peace of Fexhe in 1344 amid political turmoil. His death later that year marked a significant moment in the church-state dynamics of the region, influencing Liege's history.

Petronilla de Meath was the first person in Ireland to be executed by burning for witchcraft in 1324. Her tragic story reflects the fear and superstitions of 14th century society, marking a pivotal moment in the history of witch trials in Europe.

Johannes III Doukas Vatatzes, the Byzantine Emperor of Nicaea, died in 1254, marking the culmination of a significant reign characterized by efforts to restore the Byzantine Empire post-Fourth Crusade. He was later canonized as a saint for his leadership and contributions to culture.

In 753, Saint Pirmin, a notable missionary and monk, passed away, leaving a profound impact on German Christianity through the founding of several monasteries, including the famed Reichenau Abbey. His legacy continues to inspire devotion today.