The 1964 Air Attack of Turkey on Greek Cypriots

Name: The 1964 Air Attack of Turkey on Greek Cypriots
Start: 1964-08-07
Location: Unspecified

An Overview of the 1964 Air Attack

The air attack launched by Turkey against Greek Cypriots in 1964 marked a significant escalation in the Cyprus conflict. This military operation stemmed from rising tensions on the island, fueled by ethnic divisions between the Greek and Turkish communities. The attack represented not only a military response but also a geopolitical maneuver reflecting the broader context of Cold War interests in the region.

The Background of the Cyprus Conflict

The ethnic tensions in Cyprus have roots that go back centuries, but the situation became particularly volatile in the early 1960s. The island had gained independence from British colonial rule in 1960, with a delicate power-sharing arrangement between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots. However, political instability and violence escalated quickly, exacerbated by the actions of militant groups on both sides. In this charged atmosphere, Turkey saw itself as a protector of Turkish Cypriots facing discrimination and violence.

The Events Leading to the Air Attack

In December 1963, violent clashes erupted after the nationalist Greek Cypriot leader, Archbishop Makarios III, proposed constitutional amendments that were seen as hostile by the Turkish community. The situation escalated further in early 1964, with organized attacks leading to fatalities. In response, Turkey’s prime minister at the time, Ismet İnönü, publicly stated that Turkey would take military action if the situation did not stabilize.

The Execution of the Airstrike

On March 4, 1964, Turkish fighter jets executed air strikes in the Kyrenia region targeting Greek Cypriot military installations and positions. The attack resulted in significant casualties and heightened tensions between the communities. This act represented Turkey's determination to protect Turkish Cypriots and assert its influence in the Eastern Mediterranean.

The Immediate Consequences of the Attack

The air attack provoked outrage from Greek Cypriots and led to an increase in hostility between the two communities. Britain, a former colonial ruler and a power with interests in Cyprus, was caught in a complex situation, attempting to mediate while facing pressures on both sides. Internationally, the United Nations intervened, leading to the deployment of peacekeeping forces aimed at stabilizing the island.

The Impact on Cyprus and Beyond

This military engagement laid the groundwork for further conflicts in Cyprus, culminating in the eventual division of the island in 1974. The airstrike of 1964, while relatively small compared to subsequent events, illustrated the fragile nature of peace in Cyprus and the unresolved ethnic tensions that would plague the region for decades.

Fun Fact

A Humanitarian Effort During Crisis

Despite the conflict, various humanitarian organizations emerged in Cyprus, aiming to assist the affected populations on both sides. Their efforts to provide aid and foster dialogue showcased the resilience of communal ties despite the overarching violence.