The 1964 Anti-US Riots in the Panama Canal Zone

Name: The 1964 Anti-US Riots in the Panama Canal Zone
Start: 1964-01-09
Location: Unspecified

The Spark of Discontent in the Panama Canal Zone

In January 1964, a significant turning point in U.S.-Panamanian relations occurred when anti-U.S. riots broke out in the Panama Canal Zone, fueled by long-standing tensions regarding the Canal's control. This event was deeply rooted in a sense of nationalism among Panamanians and their desire for sovereignty over the Canal that cuts through their country. It ignited widespread protests that escalated in violence, showcasing the growing resentment against U.S. presence in Panama.

The Lead-Up to the Riots: A Growing Frustration

Before the riots erupted, relations between the United States and Panama had been increasingly strained. The U.S. had control over the Panama Canal since its construction in the early 20th century, which many Panamanians viewed as an infringement on their national sovereignty. A miscommunication regarding the flag raising at Balboa High School in January 1964 served as a catalyst, sparking protests as Panamanians demanded respect for their national symbols.

Escalation of Violence: Riots Erupt

The protests rapidly escalated on January 9, as thousands gathered to protest the perceived disrespect shown by the U.S. over Panamanian flags. The situation quickly turned violent, resulting in clashes between Panamanian civilians and U.S. military personnel stationed in the Canal Zone. The riots claimed the lives of at least 20 people and left hundreds injured, amplifying the ongoing tensions between the two nations.

Consequences and Aftermath of the Riots

The riots of 1964 fundamentally altered U.S.-Panama relations, prompting the U.S. government to reconsider its policies regarding the Canal Zone. In the aftermath, President Lyndon B. Johnson initiated negotiations for a new treaty that would eventually lead to the transfer of the Canal to Panamanian control in 1999.

Political Fallout: A New Era of Negotiation

The riots forced both nations to confront the issues surrounding the Canal's administration. In April 1964, negotiations began between U.S. and Panamanian officials, leading to a series of treaties that would redefine the relationship between the two countries. Ultimately, this set the stage for a more respectful partnership, acknowledging Panamanian sovereignty.

Public Sentiment: Changing Tides

The outcry from the 1964 riots resonated across the region and sparked a wave of nationalism among Latin American countries. It highlighted the discontent with U.S. foreign policy in Latin America and brought to light the urgency for reforming colonial-style control over sovereign nations. This sentiment would influence later movements across the continent.

Fun Fact

A Moment of Unity: National Pride

Interestingly, the riots led to an unprecedented moment of unity among Panamanians across various social classes and political ideologies, collectively standing against foreign intervention in their affairs, something that was a rare occurrence at that time.