The 1966 Indonesian Military Coup

Name: The 1966 Indonesian Military Coup
Start: 1921-03-11
Location: Unspecified

The Rise of General Suharto

The 1966 Indonesian military coup was a significant turning point in the country’s history. It marked the end of President Sukarno’s decade-long leadership, characterized by a tumultuous political landscape and a struggle between various factions. General Suharto, a previously lesser-known military figure, emerged as the dominant leader post-coup, reshaping Indonesia’s future.

Understanding the Background of the Coup

In the early 1960s, Indonesia faced numerous challenges, including political instability and economic decline. President Sukarno’s approach to governance, which involved balancing the interests of the military, communists, and Islamists, contributed to growing tensions. The failed coup attempt in September 1965, blamed on the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), provided an opportunity for Suharto to mobilize the military against what he portrayed as a threat to national security.

The Coup and Its Immediate Impact

The coup began on October 1, 1965, when a group of generals was killed, leading to a swift military response. Suharto moved to consolidate power, portraying the coup as a means to eliminate communism from Indonesia. By March 1966, Sukarno ceded power to Suharto under intense military pressure. This marked the beginning of the New Order regime, which would last for over 30 years.

Consolidating Power: Suharto's Regime

Once in power, General Suharto carried out extensive purges, targeting suspected communists and their sympathizers. These purges resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people, showcasing the ruthless methods employed to ensure security and control.

Key Policies Under Suharto

Suharto's regime was characterized by strong authoritarian principles and economic reforms that led to rapid growth. The New Order government prioritized foreign investment and improved relations with Western nations, significantly transforming Indonesia's economic landscape.

Legacy of the 1966 Coup

The aftermath of the coup profoundly impacted Indonesia’s social and political fabric. Suharto’s rule saw both economic growth and widespread human rights abuses. While the coup is often remembered for its brutal suppression of the PKI and dissent, it also laid the foundation for Indonesia’s emergence as a prominent player in Southeast Asia.

Fun Fact

A Controversial Legacy

Despite his enormous influence on Indonesia, Suharto remains a controversial figure. While some credit him for economic advancements, others view him as a dictator whose regime was marked by corruption and repression.