The Transition of Power: Suharto Becomes President of Indonesia in 1968

Name: The Transition of Power: Suharto Becomes President of Indonesia in 1968
Start: 1921-03-27
Location: Unspecified

The Historical Shift in Indonesia’s Leadership

In 1968, a pivotal moment unfolded in Indonesian history as Suharto officially succeeded Sukarno as president. This transition marked the end of an era dominated by Sukarno's charismatic yet tumultuous rule, characterized by the struggle for independence and the complex realities of post-colonial governance. Suharto's presidency initiated a new chapter in Indonesia, one which promised stability but would evolve into a period of authoritarianism.

Sukarno's Declining Influence

During the 1960s, Sukarno, the founding father of Indonesia, witnessed a decline in his influence and credibility. Economic crises, political turmoil, and increased tension between the military and communist factions led to instability. The September 30th Movement in 1965, which allegedly attempted a coup, resulted in violent reprisals against communists and leftist sympathizers, creating a backdrop for Suharto's rise to power.

The Climbing Ladder of Suharto

General Suharto, who had been a key figure during the political upheavals, gradually gained control of the armed forces and positioned himself as a stabilizing force. By the time Sukarno was officially sidelined, Suharto had effectively orchestrated a transfer of power, utilizing strategic alliances and military support, ultimately leading to Sukarno’s resignation in 1967.

The Rise of Suharto’s New Order

Upon becoming president in 1968, Suharto established a regime known as the New Order, emphasizing economic development, anti-communism, and military authority. His leadership was marked by significant economic growth and modernization efforts, although these came at the cost of civil liberties and political freedoms.

Economic Policies of Suharto

Suharto's economic policies sought to stabilize Indonesia's economy through international investment and agricultural reforms. His administration received considerable foreign aid, particularly from Western nations, which viewed Suharto as a bulwark against communism in Southeast Asia. This period saw advancements in infrastructure and a degree of economic recovery.

Human Rights Under Suharto’s Rule

While Suharto's policies led to economic growth, his government was notorious for human rights abuses. Dissent was ruthlessly suppressed, and political opponents often faced imprisonment or worse. Under the guise of national stability, Suharto's New Order regime curtailed freedom of speech and political expression, leaving a complex legacy that would be felt for decades.

Fun Fact

Suharto’s Unique Transition to Power

Interestingly, Suharto's rise from a general to president is often regarded as a favorite case study in political science, showcasing how military influence can reshape governance paradigms without direct military rule.