Resolution of the Cyprus State of Emergency
Background of the Cyprus Emergency
The **1955-1959 Cyprus Emergency** was a pivotal episode in the island's history, stemming from tensions between the Greek Cypriot majority and the Turkish Cypriot minority, alongside colonial rule by Britain. **EOKA**, a guerrilla organization, sought to end British colonial rule and unite Cyprus with Greece (an effort called *Enosis*). The British response involved a crackdown on the insurgents, which ultimately led to a declared state of emergency in 1955.
Political Developments Leading to the End
The end of the state of emergency in **1959** was the culmination of several significant political developments. In February, the **London and Zurich Agreements** were established, aiming to address the concerns of all communities and stabilize the political atmosphere. This led to the assurance of independence for Cyprus and the formulation of a constitution that would ensure power-sharing between Greek and Turkish Cypriots.
Aftermath of the Emergency Declaration
The Transition to Independence
The termination of the emergency paved the way for the **Cypriot Declaration of Independence** in August 1960. Following the end of hostilities, a new republic emerged, officially marking a turning point in Cypriot governance, with both Greek and Turkish communities holding positions of influence. The political climate was optimistic, embodying hopes for unity and peace.
Legacy of the 1959 Events
Despite the initial celebrations, the independence moment was fraught with challenges. The compromises made during the negotiations led to ongoing tensions that would resurface and shape the future of Cyprus. The end of the state of emergency was significant, yet it was also the beginning of a new era fraught with the complexities of national identity and conflicting interests.
Fun Fact
The EOKA and their Legacy
The **EOKA** fighters, while seen as freedom fighters by many Greek Cypriots, were viewed as terrorists by the British. Their activities during the emergency period helped shape a national identity for Greek Cypriots that still resonates today.
Additional Resources
Recommended Reading on Cyprus History
For those interested in learning more about the history of Cyprus, consider reading “Cyprus: A Modern History” by William Hale, which covers the complexities of the island's history, including critical events like the 1959 emergency.
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