What happened today in history?

What happened
today in history?
May 30

2023 - AI Experts Warn of Extinction Risk from AI

In 2023, 400 AI industry experts signed a letter cautioning that mitigating the extinction risk from AI should be prioritized globally, alongside threats like pandemics and nuclear war, highlighting the urgent need for responsible development.

2022 - EU's Plan to Block Russian Oil: A Bold Move in 2022

In 2022, the European Union agreed on a historic plan to block two-thirds of Russian oil imports in response to the Ukraine crisis. This bold move aimed to cut off funding for Russia's military operations and reshape Europe's energy dependency.

2022 - Frontier: The World's Fastest Supercomputer

In 2022, Frontier at Oak Ridge National Laboratory redefined computing with its exascale capability, performing quintillion calculations per second, revolutionizing research in various fields and achieving unprecedented advancements in technology.

2020 - SpaceX's Historic Falcon 9 Launch

On May 30, 2020, SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket launched the Dragon capsule with NASA astronauts to the ISS, marking the first time a private company transported astronauts into space, a milestone in aerospace history.

SpaceX's Historic Falcon 9 Launch

2017 - Kabul Bombing: A Tragic Day in 2017

On May 31, 2017, Kabul's diplomatic quarter was devastated by a suicide bomb, killing over 150 people and injuring 400. The Taliban claimed responsibility, highlighting ongoing violence in Afghanistan and drawing international condemnation.

2015 - Namibia's Remarkable Victory: 2015 COSAFA Cup

In 2015, Namibia triumphed over Mozambique with a 2-0 victory to win the COSAFA Cup, marking a pivotal moment in the nation's football journey. This win showcased their skill and determination, inspiring future football enthusiasts.

1992 - 1992 UN Sanctions Against Serb-led Yugoslavia

In May 1992, the UN imposed sanctions on Serb-led Yugoslavia in response to the escalating Bosnian War. The sanctions aimed to halt the violence and ethnic cleansing but raised significant concerns regarding their effectiveness and humanitarian impact.

1986 - Launch of Ariane-2: A Milestone for ESA

The launch of Ariane-2 on March 30, 1986, marked a key advancement for the European Space Agency, enhancing its rocket capabilities and establishing its reputation in the competitive space launch market.

1984 - 2009 Super Rugby Final: The Bulls' Dominating Victory

The 2009 Super Rugby Final saw the Bulls dominate the Chiefs with a score of 61-17, led by Morné Steyn's outstanding kicking performance, scoring 21 points. This match in Pretoria highlighted the Bulls' tactical superiority and left a memorable mark in rugby history.

1984 - Elizabeth Holmes Begins Prison Sentence

In May 2023, Elizabeth Holmes began her 11-year prison sentence for defrauding investors in her blood-testing company, Theranos. Her case serves as a cautionary tale about ambition, deception, and accountability in the entrepreneurial world.

Elizabeth Holmes Begins Prison Sentence

1981 - 1981 LA Dodgers: Breaking Attendance Records

In 1981, the Los Angeles Dodgers made history by becoming the quickest MLB team to reach 1 million attendance in just 22 games, showcasing their popularity and fan dedication. This remarkable feat was significantly aided by star player Fernando Valenzuela, which ignited "Fernandomania."

1980 - The Expansion of 'Nightline' in 1981

In 1981, 'Nightline' expanded from airing four nights to five nights a week, enhancing its role as a significant source of in-depth news analysis. This expansion reflected the show's growing popularity and its commitment to delivering thoughtful coverage during critical events, especially the Iran hostage crisis.

1979 - The Release of Microdos for the TRS-80

In 1979, Percom Data Company released Microdos, a groundbreaking multi-tasking operating system for Radio Shack's TRS-80. This software significantly enhanced computing capabilities for users, paving the way for future personal computing advancements.

1975 - Formation of the European Space Agency (ESA) in 1975

In 1975, the European Space Agency (ESA) was established to unify European nations in their quest for space exploration. Over the years, ESA has spearheaded numerous successful missions, launched innovative technologies, and fostered international partnerships to advance humanity's understanding of space.

1973 - 1999 Super Rugby Final: Crusaders vs. Highlanders

The 1999 Super Rugby Final at Carisbrook saw the Canterbury Crusaders defeat the Otago Highlanders 24-19, with flyhalf Andrew Mehrtens contributing significantly through penalties, a conversion, and a dropped goal, securing their title defense in a thrilling match.

1971 - The Grateful Dead Concert Incident of 1971

In a bizarre incident during a Grateful Dead concert in 1971, 36 attendees were hospitalized after unknowingly consuming apple juice laced with LSD. This event highlighted safety concerns at concerts and the risks of substance misuse among fans.

1971 - The Dawn of Martian Exploration: Mariner 9 Launch of 1971

In 1971, the Mariner 9 spacecraft launched as the first satellite to orbit Mars, unveiling its mysteries through photography and data. This landmark mission revolutionized our understanding of the Red Planet, demonstrating the potential for life and setting the stage for future explorations.

1970 - 1970 Baseball All-Star Voting Returns to Fans

In 1970, Major League Baseball reinstated fan voting for the All-Star Game, fostering a stronger connection between fans and players. This historic change allowed the public to influence All-Star selections, revitalizing interest and engagement in the sport.

1970 - The Angry Brigade Trial of 1972

In 1972, members of the Angry Brigade faced trial for their involvement in a series of 25 bombings across Britain. Their actions ignited debates about political dissent and the limits of protest, marking a significant moment in British history.

1969 - Gibraltar Adopts Constitution in 1969

In 1969, Gibraltar adopted a new constitution granting it self-governance and establishing its own parliament. This significant change allowed for local representation and greater political autonomy, shaping the identity and governance of Gibraltar.

1969 - The 1969 Curacao Oil Workers Riot

The 1969 riots in Curacao by oil workers protesting against economic and racial disparities led to a push for the island's independence from Dutch colonial rule, igniting significant political and social change.

1968 - The 1968 Emergency Crisis Law in West Germany

The 1968 Emergency Crisis Law passed by West Germany's Parliament marked a pivotal moment amid social unrest, granting the government special powers while raising critical discussions on civil liberties and state security.

1967 - Arturo Barrios' Historic One-Hour Run

In 1991, Mexican-American runner Arturo Barrios set the world record by covering 21.101 km in one hour. His remarkable achievement has inspired many in the world of distance running. This record stood until it was surpassed in 2007.

1966 - The 1966 Bombing of North Vietnam

In 1966, the U.S. escalated its bombing campaign against North Vietnam, utilizing around 300 airplanes to target key military installations, hoping to undermine North Vietnamese efforts during the Vietnam War. This intensified action led to widespread destruction and significant public outcry. The campaign had far-reaching consequences.

1966 - The Beatles Release 'Paperback Writer' and 'Rain' in 1966

In 1966, The Beatles released the iconic single "Paperback Writer" alongside the experimental "Rain." This release showcased their innovative studio techniques and solidified their position as pop music legends with its catchy melodies and groundbreaking production.

1966 - The Controversial Forearm of Albert Belle

In 1996, Albert Belle's aggressive attempt to break up a double play nearly injured Brewer's Fernando Vina, leading to Belle's two-game suspension. This incident sparked discussions on sportsmanship and player safety in Major League Baseball.

1965 - France's 1965 Underground Nuclear Test in Ecker, Algeria

In 1965, France conducted an underground nuclear test in Ecker, Algeria, marking a key moment in its pursuit of military strength amidst Cold War tensions. This test demonstrated France's ambitions as a nuclear power and had lasting implications in regional geopolitics.

1964 - The Epic 1964 Giants and Mets Doubleheader

On September 12, 1964, the Giants and Mets played an extraordinary doubleheader, with the Giants sweeping both games. Featuring two games with an incredible elapsed time of 9:50 minutes and a total of 47 strikeouts, it remains a significant event in baseball history.

1964 - Barry Bonds' MLB Debut - A New Era Begins

Barry Bonds made his Major League Baseball debut with the Pittsburgh Pirates on April 15, 1986. His incredible talent and charisma marked the beginning of a legendary career, setting the stage for records and controversies in baseball history.

Barry Bonds' MLB Debut - A New Era Begins

1962 - Tragic Bus Crash in Ahmedabad: A Day of Mourning

In 1962, a tragic bus accident in Ahmedabad claimed the lives of 69 people. The event highlighted the urgent need for improved road safety regulations in India and left a lasting impact on the community and transportation policies.

1962 - The Beatles'

In 1964, The Beatles' single "Love Me Do" reached number one on the US charts, sparking Beatlemania and marking the beginning of the British Invasion in music history.

1961 - Tragic Crash of the 1961 Dutch DC-8 in Lisbon

On March 27, 1961, a Dutch DC-8 crashed shortly after takeoff from Lisbon, killing 62 people on board. This tragedy highlighted critical issues in aviation safety and led to significant changes in industry regulations.

1960 - Austria Appoints First Female Chancellor Brigitte Bierlein

In 2019, Brigitte Bierlein became Austria's first female chancellor, stepping in to lead a caretaker government after the collapse of the coalition government. Her appointment marked a significant milestone in the nation's political history and women's representation.

1959 - Iraq's Withdrawal from the Baghdad Pact in 1959

In 1959, Iraq made a significant political shift by withdrawing from the Baghdad Pact, an alliance originally formed to counter Soviet influence. This decision was driven by internal changes and a growing sense of nationalism.

1959 - The Grand Opening of the Auckland Harbour Bridge

The Auckland Harbour Bridge, a symbol of connectivity in New Zealand, was officially opened on May 30, 1959. This engineering marvel connects Auckland with its North Shore and plays a vital role in the region's transport infrastructure.

1959 - Dennis Eckersley No-Hits Angels in 1977

On September 28, 1977, Dennis Eckersley, pitcher for the Cleveland Indians, delivered a stunning no-hitter against the California Angels, marking a significant moment in baseball history and redefining his career.

1956 - The 1956 Bus Boycott in Tallahassee, Florida

The 1956 Bus Boycott in Tallahassee, Florida, was a pivotal moment in the civil rights movement, marked by community unity and the leadership of Dr. C.K. Steele, as African Americans protested against racial segregation in public transportation.

1955 - Mass Protests Against Bolsonaro's Pandemic Response in 2021

In May 2021, large protests erupted across Brazil against President Jair Bolsonaro's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. Tens of thousands demanded accountability and better public health measures, emphasizing widespread public dissatisfaction with the government's response.

Mass Protests Against Bolsonaro's Pandemic Response in 2021

1954 - 1954 Dutch Bishops' Decree on Non-Catholic Sports Clubs

In 1954, Dutch bishops issued a decree forbidding Catholics from joining non-Catholic sporting clubs, reinforcing the church’s stance on religious identity while sparking debates on personal freedom and community engagement in an evolving secular society.

1954 - 2014 Egypt Presidential Election: Al-Sisi's Decisive Victory

In 2014, former military chief Abdel Fattah al-Sisi won Egypt's presidential election, securing 93% of the vote. His victory marked a significant shift in Egypt's political landscape after years of unrest, showcasing a strong military influence in governance and raising concerns over democracy and human rights.

1953 - Historic 1953 Major League Baseball Network Game

In 1953, the first-ever televised major league baseball game took place between the Cleveland Indians and the Chicago White Sox, changing the landscape of sports broadcasting forever. Cleveland triumphed with a score of 7 to 2, marking a historic milestone.

1953 - South Korea's 2017 THAAD Missile System Controversy

In 2017, South Korean President Moon Jae-in ordered an investigation into the controversial deployment of additional U.S. THAAD missile system launchers, reflecting ongoing tensions related to national security and international relations with North Korea and China.

South Korea's 2017 THAAD Missile System Controversy

1950 - Modi's Second Term: A Historic Re-Election

On May 30, 2019, Narendra Modi was sworn in for a second term as Prime Minister of India in a grand ceremony at the Presidential Palace, attended by 8,000 guests, marking a historic moment in Indian politics.

Modi's Second Term: A Historic Re-Election

1949 - 1949 Suriname General Election and Its Impact

The 1949 Suriname general election was a pivotal moment in the country's history, marking the first elections that led to the victory of the National People's Party and Progressive People's Party, setting the stage for future self-governance and independence.

1949 - The Launch of WRTV: Indianapolis' ABC Channel 6

In 1949, WRTV Channel 6 made its debut as the first television station in Indianapolis, Indiana. It revolutionized local broadcasting, establishing a strong commitment to community service and local news that continues to this day.

1948 - The Devastating Flood of Vanport, Oregon in 1948

In 1948, the dike along the Columbia River broke, leading to the obliteration of Vanport, Oregon, resulting in the deaths of fifteen people and leaving tens of thousands homeless. This disaster marked a significant event in the history of urban planning and disaster response in the region.

1944 - Transport No. 75: A Tragic Journey

Transport No. 75 departed from Drancy internment camp in July 1944, carrying 1,000 French Jews to Auschwitz. Upon arrival, 627 were murdered, leaving only approximately 99 survivors, caught in the tragic web of the Holocaust.

Transport No. 75: A Tragic Journey

1943 - 1943: US Troops Reconquer Attu in the Aleutians

In May 1943, US troops successfully reconquered the island of Attu in the Aleutian Archipelago, marking a key victory in World War II against occupying Japanese forces. This battle was the only land engagement on North American soil during the conflict.

1942 - Habré Convicted of War Crimes: A Historic Moment for Justice

In 2016, former Chad dictator Hissène Habré was convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity, marking a historic moment as the first ex-head of state convicted of such charges by the Extraordinary African Chambers, exemplifying the pursuit of justice for victims of oppression.

Habré Convicted of War Crimes: A Historic Moment for Justice

1941 - The 1941 Anti-Semitic Measures in Serbia

In 1941, Serbia witnessed the introduction of harsh anti-Semitic measures by the Nazi regime. These laws targeted the Jewish community, leading to severe discrimination, violence, and ultimately the tragic degradation of their rights and lives during World War II.

1938 - Yankees Dominate Red Sox in 1938 Showdown

In 1938, the New York Yankees swept their arch rivals, the Boston Red Sox, with wins of 10-0 and 5-4 during a historic doubleheader at Yankee Stadium, captivating 83,533 fans. This event solidified the Yankees' dominance in baseball and added another chapter to their storied rivalry.

1937 - The Tragic Memorial Day Massacre of 1937

The 1937 Memorial Day Massacre involved Chicago police shooting and killing 10 unarmed demonstrators during the Little Steel Strike. The event highlighted tensions between labor and law enforcement in the U.S., igniting outrage and calls for worker rights reforms.

1934 - Roger Maris' Historic Home Run Milestone in 1961

In 1961, Roger Maris hit his 10th and 11th home runs of the season, propelling him closer to breaking Babe Ruth's legendary home run record. Maris' journey captivated fans and solidified his legacy in baseball history as he finished the season with 61 home runs.

1934 - The Tragic Incident of Betty Shabazz

In June 1997, Betty Shabazz, the widow of Malcolm X, was tragically set on fire by her 12-year-old grandson, Malcolm Shabazz. This event highlighted issues of family struggles and youth violence in America, ultimately ending in Betty's death on June 23, 1997.

The Tragic Incident of Betty Shabazz

1933 - The 1933 Patent for Invisible Glass Installation

The 1933 patent for invisible glass installation was a groundbreaking development in glass technology, revolutionizing architecture and design. This innovation allowed for seamless integration of glass in modern buildings, enhancing aesthetics and functionality.

1930 - The 1984 Bombing of Edén Pastora's Headquarters

In 1984, a bomb exploded in the headquarters of Nicaraguan rebel leader Edén Pastora during a tumultuous political time. Known for his role in the Sandinista revolution, Pastora's survival marked a critical moment in the ongoing conflict, highlighting the intense struggles for power in Nicaragua.

1928 - The Retirement of Yankee Legend Whitey Ford

On November 12, 1967, Whitey Ford, legendary pitcher for the New York Yankees, announced his retirement from baseball. Ford, a six-time World Series champion, left a lasting legacy with his impressive career and contributions to the sport.

The Retirement of Yankee Legend Whitey Ford

1925 - 1925 British Mariners Shoot on Demonstrators

In 1925, British mariners protesting for better rights faced violence as authorities opened fire on demonstrators. This incident highlighted the struggles for workers' rights during a tumultuous era in British history.

1922 - The 1922 Accord Between Latvia and the Vatican

In 1922, Latvia and the Vatican signed a diplomatic accord, marking a significant milestone for Latvia's international recognition following its independence from Russia. This treaty solidified Latvia's sovereignty and facilitated the establishment of the Catholic Church hierarchy in the nation.

1921 - The 1921 Salzburg Vote: A Controversial Decision to Join Germany

In 1921, the citizens of Salzburg, Austria, voted on whether to join Germany, reflecting a desire for national identity and stability after World War I. Despite the majority support for unification, the Austrian government quickly intervened, marking a significant moment in Austria's political landscape.

1920 - 1980: A Historic Papal Visit to France

In 1980, Pope John Paul II made his first visit to France since 1814, symbolizing a renewal of ties between the Vatican and France. His visit included significant events like a mass at Notre-Dame Cathedral, demonstrating his commitment to faith and social unity.

1916 - Bama Rowell's Historic Home Run at Ebbets Field

In a remarkable game at Ebbets Field in 1946, Bama Rowell hit a home run that shattered the Bulova Clock, creating an unforgettable moment in baseball history. This incident has become a legendary tale that resonates with baseball fans to this day.

1914 - The Maiden Voyage of RMS Aquitania

The RMS Aquitania, a Cunard ocean liner, embarked on its maiden voyage from Liverpool to New York City on May 21, 1914. Weighing 45,647 tons, it was a notable architectural achievement in maritime history.

1913 - The Premiere of War Requiem: A Musical Masterpiece

Benjamin Britten's 'War Requiem' premiered on May 30, 1962, during the consecration of the new Coventry Cathedral. This haunting composition interweaves the music with the poignant poetry of Wilfred Owen, capturing the devastating impact of war and the hope for peace.

The Premiere of War Requiem: A Musical Masterpiece
The Premiere of War Requiem: A Musical Masterpiece

1912 - 1912: US Marines Sent to Nicaragua

In 1912, U.S. Marines were dispatched to Nicaragua to stabilize the government and protect American interests amidst political turmoil, a move that left lasting effects on Nicaraguan sovereignty and U.S.-Latin American relations.

1911 - The 1911 Indianapolis 500: A Historic Race

The 1911 Indianapolis 500 was a historic race where Ray Harroun, driving a Marmon Wasp, came out of retirement to win the inaugural event with an average speed of 74.602 mph (120.060 km/h). This race established the groundwork for future motorsports and became a key cultural event.

1909 - The Cornerstone of Tel Aviv: Reuben Siegel's Legacy

In 1909, Reuben Siegel laid the cornerstone for the first home in Tel Aviv, marking the beginning of a new Jewish urban center. This significant event established the foundation for Tel Aviv's transformation into a vibrant metropolis and symbolizes the aspirations of Jewish pioneers in the region.

1906 - The Birth of Hersheypark in 1906

In 1906, Milton S. Hershey opened Hersheypark, an amusement park for his employees, which has since evolved into a beloved destination featuring attractions for all ages. Hershey's vision prioritized community well-being and relaxation for workers.

The Birth of Hersheypark in 1906

1903 - Tunisia's Journey to Self-Governance in 1955

In 1955, Tunisia began its journey towards self-governance, culminating in independence from France in 1956. Under the leadership of Habib Bourguiba, Tunisia established a new government framework reflecting national aspirations and set the tone for political development.

1896 - The First Automobile Accident in History

In 1896, the first recorded car accident occurred in New York City when Henry Wells struck a cyclist, marking a significant moment in the evolution of traffic laws and public safety concerns regarding automobiles.

1890 - De Gaulle's Historic Arrival in Algiers 1943

In 1943, Charles De Gaulle's arrival in Algiers as the leader of the Free French Forces marked a turning point in the struggle against Nazi Germany during World War II. This important event symbolized hope and unity for France, influencing the post-war landscape.

De Gaulle's Historic Arrival in Algiers 1943

1887 - Walter Johnson's Historic 110th Shutout in 1927

In 1927, Walter Johnson recorded his 110th career shutout, the most in MLB history, leading the Washington Senators to a 3-0 victory over the Boston Red Sox. This milestone solidified his legacy as one of baseball's greatest pitchers.

Walter Johnson's Historic 110th Shutout in 1927

1886 - The Creation of 'Dark Town Strutters Ball'

In 1917, Shelton Brooks composed 'Dark Town Strutters Ball', a jazz standard recorded by the Original Dixieland Jazz Band. This lively piece became iconic, reflecting the vibrancy of early jazz and influencing generations of musicians. Discover its legacy and impact in jazz history.

1883 - Tragic Stampede at the Brooklyn Bridge, 1883

On May 30, 1883, a false rumor of the Brooklyn Bridge collapsing sparked a stampede that led to the tragic deaths of 12 people. This significant event highlights the dangers of panic and misinformation in crowded situations, leading to changes in public safety protocols.

Tragic Stampede at the Brooklyn Bridge, 1883
Tragic Stampede at the Brooklyn Bridge, 1883
Tragic Stampede at the Brooklyn Bridge, 1883

1883 - Memorial to Capt. Eddie Grant Unveiled in 1921

In 1921, New York City unveiled a memorial to Captain Eddie Grant, a former New York Giants baseball player who was killed in World War I. This event honored his sacrifice and remembered the many athletes who served during the war.

1879 - 1932 Yankees Dedicate Plaque to Miller Huggins

On May 26, 1932, the New York Yankees dedicated a plaque to their legendary manager Miller Huggins, celebrating his pivotal role in their early success and honoring his legacy at Yankee Stadium. Players and fans remembered his remarkable contributions to baseball history.

1876 - Frank Chance's Unforgettable Doubleheader in 1904

In 1904, Frank Chance made baseball history by being hit by pitches an astonishing five times during a single doubleheader against the New York Giants, displaying unmatched resilience and marking a unique episode in the sport's storied past.

1873 - John McGraw Joins the 1,000 Games Club as MLB Manager

In 1913, John McGraw made history by becoming one of the first managers to achieve 1,000 wins in Major League Baseball, joining legends like Fred Clarke and Connie Mack. This milestone highlights the impact and evolution of managerial success in baseball.

1866 - Suspension of the Cortes by King Alfonso XII in 1902

In 1902, King Alfonso XII suspended the Cortes, Spain's parliament, in a move that aimed to consolidate his power amidst a tumultuous political landscape. This decision highlighted the tensions between monarchy and democracy, shaping the future of Spanish politics.

1860 - Historic First: Dave Foutz's Home Run

In 1890, Dave Foutz made history by hitting the Brooklyn Bridegrooms' first home run during a doubleheader against the Chicago Colts, a pivotal moment that defined the future of the team now known as the Dodgers.

1830 - The Deposition of Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz in 1876

In 1876, Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz was deposed due to widespread discontent, paving the way for his nephew Murat V to ascend the throne. This event marked a crucial shift in Ottoman political dynamics, highlighting tensions between autocracy and reform.

1824 - The Premiere of "Die Verkaufte Braut" in 1866

On May 28, 1866, Bedřich Smetana's opera "Die Verkaufte Braut" premiered in Prague, marking a pivotal moment in Czech cultural history. This beloved work focuses on love and class struggles, intertwined with Czech folk elements, celebrating national identity and becoming a lasting influence in opera globally.

1819 - The 1842 Assassination Attempt on Queen Victoria

In 1842, an assassination attempt by John Francis shook Queen Victoria, underscoring the vulnerability of the royal family. His efforts sparked a wave of public support for the queen, revealing both personal and political implications surrounding the monarchy.

The 1842 Assassination Attempt on Queen Victoria

1796 - The Opening of the Rideau Canal in 1832

The Rideau Canal opened in 1832, transforming transport and trade in Eastern Ontario. Designed by military engineer John By, it remains the oldest continuous canal system in North America and a vital recreational and economic hub today.

1769 - Napoleon Annexes Tuscany in 1808

In 1808, Napoleon Bonaparte annexed Tuscany, incorporating it into the French Empire and granting it representation in the French Senate, significantly influencing the region's political landscape and society.

Napoleon Annexes Tuscany in 1808

1767 - Andrew Jackson's Deadly Duel of 1806

In 1806, Andrew Jackson fought and killed Charles Dickinson in a legendary duel after Dickinson accused Jackson's wife of bigamy. This violent encounter not only marked Jackson’s fierce defense of his wife’s honor but also foreshadowed his tempestuous political career.

Andrew Jackson's Deadly Duel of 1806

1767 - The Betrayal of Denmark Vesey's Revolt

In 1822, Denmark Vesey orchestrated a slave revolt in Charleston, South Carolina, which was betrayed by George Wilson and Joe LaRoche, resulting in the execution of 35 Black individuals. This tragic event highlights the perilous struggle for freedom faced by enslaved people.