Johnson Suspends Secretary of War Stanton in 1867

Name: Johnson Suspends Secretary of War Stanton in 1867
Start: 1808-08-12
Location: Unspecified

The Unprecedented Suspension of Edwin Stanton

In a significant clash between the executive branch and Congress, on August 5, 1867, President Andrew Johnson took the bold step of suspending Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. This action was part of a larger political struggle during the Reconstruction era following the American Civil War. Tensions were high as Johnson, a Southern Democrat, sought to implement lenient policies towards the South, which conflicted with the more stringent views of the Republican-controlled Congress.

Andrew Johnson's Leadership

Andrew Johnson, born in 1808, became the 17th president of the United States after Abraham Lincoln's assassination. He was a staunch advocate for the Union but had differing opinions from Radical Republicans regarding Civil Rights and Reconstruction. His decisions often put him at odds with Congress, particularly regarding his approach to the newly freed African Americans and the rebuilding of the Southern states.

Edwin Stanton's Role

Edwin Stanton served as Secretary of War during a crucial time in American history. Appointed by Lincoln, he was a key player in the Union's war efforts. Stanton was known for his strong opposition to Johnson's policies, advocating for harsher measures against the South and greater protections for African Americans. His resistance to Johnson's agenda made him a target for suspension.

Impact of the Suspension

Johnson's suspension of Stanton led to a constitutional crisis, highlighting the tension between the presidency and Congress. This act was seen as a violation of the Tenure of Office Act, which Congress had enacted to limit the president's power to remove certain officeholders without Senate approval. This action prompted Congress to take steps to impeach Johnson, viewing it as an attempt to undermine their authority.

Congressional Reactions

Following the suspension, Congress reacted swiftly, convening to investigate Johnson's actions. The political atmosphere turned hostile, leading to Johnson's impeachment in 1868. Although he was acquitted by a single vote in the Senate, this event marked a significant moment in the separation of powers and set a precedent for the limits of presidential authority.

The Legacy of Edwin Stanton

Edwin Stanton’s career did not end with his suspension. He was later reappointed by Congress in a move to challenge Johnson's authority. Stanton became a symbol of resilience in the push for civil rights, eventually playing a role in the establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau, which helped former slaves transition to freedom.

Fun Fact

Stanton's Unexpected Farewell

When Edwin Stanton was suspended, he famously stated, "I am the Secretary of War, and I will remain so,” showcasing his determination to maintain his position and fight against Johnson's authority.