The UK Applies for Membership of the European Common Market in 1961

UK’s Bold Step Towards European Integration

On July 31, 1961, the United Kingdom took a significant step towards economic collaboration by applying for membership in the European Common Market. This event marked a pivotal moment in British history as it signified the nation’s intent to engage more closely with its European neighbors following the devastation of World War II. The European Common Market, aimed at promoting economic cooperation among its member states, was seen as a chance for the UK to revitalize its economy and enhance trade relations.

Context Behind the Application

The application for membership was led by Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's government, which believed that joining the European Community could provide the UK with much-needed economic growth and stability. The post-war period had been challenging, with Britain grappling with reconstruction and the decline of its empire. Joining the Common Market was viewed as a way to re-establish the UK as a significant global economic player.

Initial Reactions to the Application

However, the application was met with mixed reactions domestically and abroad. While many supported the move as a forward-thinking decision, there were significant concerns about losing national sovereignty and the impact on the existing Commonwealth trade relationships. The political landscape during this period was fraught with debates about what integration with Europe would truly entail for British identity and governance.

Challenges and Opposition to Membership

Despite the optimism surrounding the application, it faced substantial obstacles. The most prominent opposition came from France, where President Charles de Gaulle was skeptical about Britain's commitment to European integration. In 1963, this skepticism culminated in de Gaulle vetoing the UK's initial application, which left the British government reassessing its strategy towards Europe.

De Gaulle’s Veto Explained

De Gaulle’s veto did not just reflect France's national interests but also highlighted his belief that the UK favored a more liberal economic approach that could undermine the Common Market's structure. This turned the UK's desire for membership into a contentious issue that would define the nation’s relations with Europe for decades to come.

Impact of the Application on British Politics

The application had immediate and lasting impacts on British politics. It polarized opinions among political parties, with both the Labour and Conservative parties divided over the issue. This division would continue to influence political discourse around Europe in the UK for many years.

Fun Fact

The Role of the Economic Debate in 1961

Interestingly, while discussions were happening in the upper echelons of government, public awareness and support for the European Common Market began to grow, setting the stage for future debates regarding European membership that would resonate through the decades, especially leading up to the Brexit vote.

Additional Resources

Recommended Reading on the UK and the European Common Market

For those interested in a deeper exploration, consider reading "The European Union: A Very Short Introduction" by John Pinder and "Britain and the European Union" by Richard G. Whitman, both of which provide insightful perspectives on Britain’s relationship with Europe.